S.s Flash Cards For 8Th Grade

Front 1

Reservation

Back 1

land reserved for Native Americans to live on.

Front 2

Sand Creek Massacre

Back 2

when more than 150 Cheyenne people were killed in Sand Creek

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Sitting Bull

Back 3

One of the Sioux's chiefs that helped lead against the Americans when all the Sioux's united.

Front 4

George A. Custer

Back 4

A hero to the Americans in the Civil War and everything that was against Native Americans.

Front 5

Battle of the Little Bighorn

Back 5

When the Cheyennes and the Sioux's untied and wiped out Custer and all of his men.

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Wounded Knee Massacre

Back 6

When Americans killed 300 Sioux's children, women, and men after ONE shot was fired.

Front 7

Dawes Act

Back 7

An act passed to encourage Native Americans to give up their ways of living to then become farmers.

Front 8

Homestead

Back 8

a house on a plot of land

Front 9

Mexicanoes

Back 9

Spanish people who were from Mexico but lived in Southwest America.

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William "Buffalo Bill" Cody

Back 10

A buffalo hunter that turned into a show person that brought the ways of the west to the rest of the world.

Front 11

"buffalo solider"

Back 11

A name that the Native Americans gave the African American soldiers.

Front 12

Homestead Act

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law that offered 160 acres of land for free but you had to improve the land for 5 years.

Front 13

Exodusters

Back 13

African Americans that settled in the west and called themselves this after comparing themselves to biblical Hebrews led out of slavery in Egypt.

Front 14

sodbusters

Back 14

what farmers were called

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Grange

Back 15

A group of farmers that helped other farmers and people from economic power.

Front 16

cooperatives

Back 16

organizations that were run by the farmers of their own land and sold there land crops directly to merchants.

Front 17

Populist Party

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several farm groups that joined together to gain political power and asked the government to have the free silver silver policy

Front 18

gold standerd

Back 18

where the government backed up every dollar with a certain amount of gold

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William Jennings Bryan

Back 19

presidential candidate from the Populist Party that joined with Democrats to get rid of the gold slandered.

Front 20

Petrolum

Back 20

an oily liquid that that could be used as a material to make kerosene cheaper

Front 21

Patent

Back 21

is a government document giving an inventor the exclusive right to make and sell his or her invention for a specific number of years

Front 22

Business Cycle

Back 22

pattern of good and bad times in American industry

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Bessemer Steel Process

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the new manufacturing technique that used less than 1/7th of the coal that was used in the original technique

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Generator

Back 24

machine that produces electric current

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Tomas Edison

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inventor who found the most ways to use electricity

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Alexander Graham Bell

Back 26

person who invented the telephone

Front 27

Centennial Exhibition

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Exhibition that celebrated America's 100th birthday in Philadelphia

Front 28

Transcontinental Railroad

Back 28

A railroad that stretched across America

Front 29

Standard timed

Back 29

Time zones that were made by railroad companies to organize the times across the country so, people were not confused

Front 30

robber baron

Back 30

a business leader who became wealthy trough dishonest ways

Front 31

cooperation

Back 31

a business run by investors who buy part of the company through shares of stock

Front 32

John D. Rockefeller

Back 32

led the oil industry

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Andrew Carniegh

Back 33

led the steel industry

Front 34

monopoly

Back 34

a company that wipes out its competitors and controls an industry

Front 35

trust

Back 35

a legal body created to hold stock in many companies often in the same industry

Front 36

philanthropist

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people who gave large sums of money to charities

Front 37

Gilded age

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Mark Twain and Charles Warner named it this because it shows how gild means to paint a leaf gold, just like how all the wealthy people were overshadowing the bad things happening.

Front 38

sweatshop

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places where workers labored long hours under poor conditions for low wages, children and adults worked at these places.

Front 39

Knights of Labor

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A loose federation of workers from all different trades and allowed women and African-Americans workers to join

Front 40

socialism

Back 40

economic system that all members of a society are equal owners of all businesses, they share the work and profits

Front 41

Haymarket affair

Back 41

A protest meeting of union leaders that turned out deadly when the police came, someone threw a bomb, killed 7 police men and wounded about 60, so the police fired killing several people

Front 42

Pullman Strike

Back 42

a strike which spread throughout the rail industry in 1894

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Eugene V. Debs

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called on all U.S. railroad workers to refuse to handle Pullman cards.

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Samuel Gompers

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helped found a new national organization called the AFL

Front 45

American Federation of Labor (AFL)

Back 45

Organization that focused on improving working conditions.

Front 46

Urbanization

Back 46

the growth of cities that came from many changes

Front 47

Tenement

Back 47

an apartment that is rundown and has too many people in it

Front 48

Slum

Back 48

when a neighborhood has too many people in it causing it to be dangerous and almost unfit to live in

Front 49

Social Gospel

Back 49

a movement that aimed to improve the lives of the poor

Front 50

Jane Addams

Back 50

founded Chicago's Hull House in 1889 with Ellen Gates Starr

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Hull House

Back 51

founded by Jane Addams that became a model for other settlement houses

Front 52

Political machine

Back 52

an organization that influences enough votes to control a local government

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Tammany Hall

Back 53

the most famous political machine in New York City and was led by William Marcy Tweed along with Williams greedy friends that stole money from the city

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mass culture

Back 54

-a common culture experienced by large numbers of people

Front 55

Joseph Pulitzer

Back 55

owner of New York World

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William Randolph Hearst

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owner of New York Morning

Front 57

department store

Back 57

sold everything from clothes to furniture to hardware

Front 58

mail catalog

Back 58

sold everything from clothes to furniture to hardware

Front 59

lesiure

Back 59

was free time that people had and did activities

Front 60

Vaudeville

Back 60

a mixture of song, dance, and comedy

Front 61

Ragtime

Back 61

a blend of African-American songs and European musical forms, was an important music

Front 62

William Howard Taft

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Republican that Debs ran against and seemed like he was going to be the next president

Front 63

Sixteenth Amendment

Back 63

Was passed in 1909 and ratified in 1913 and gave Congress the power to create income taxes

Front 64

Seventeenth Amendment

Back 64

Was ratified in 1913 and provided for the direct election of U.S. senators by voters in each state.

Front 65

Clayton Antitrust Act

Back 65

Passed in 1914 and laid down the rules forbidding business practices that lessened competition.

Front 66

Federal Reserve Act

Back 66

Passed in 1913 and improved the nation's monetary and banking system