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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How do molds reproduce?
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asexual reproduction
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How do yeasts reproduce?
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Budding
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What are the 3 most common dimorphic (endemic) fungi?
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blastomyces
histoplasma coccidiodes |
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What are the culture methods for fungal infections?
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Sabouraud's agar
Brain-heart infusion agar |
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What stains are most commonly used for diagnosis of fungal infections?
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KOH
Gomori methenamine silver (GMS) Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) |
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What region of the USA is blastomyces commonly found?
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Southeastern USA, South Central USA, Great Lakes area
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What is the main route of entry of blastomyces?
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Inhalation
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What is the main clinical presentation of blastomyces?
__% of patients are symptomatic |
Pneumonia; 90%
Beefy red lesion with black dots in cutaneous presentation (indicative of systemic dissemination) |
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What does blastomyces on smear?
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Broad based budding yeast with thick refractile walls
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What is the RX for severe blastomycosis?
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Induction therapy of IV amphotericin for 2 wks followed by PO itraconazole or fluconazole
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What region is histoplasmosis endomic?
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Ohio and Mississipi River valleys
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How is histoplasmosis acquired?
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inhalation of conidia during dust storms or near large quantities of bird or bat guano
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What is the clinical presentation of histoplasmosis?
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Majority is asymptomatic
Pneumonia, mucosal ulcers Disseminated infection can include CNS in IC patients |
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How does histoplasmosis present on smear?
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yeast with narrow based budding often seen within macrophages
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What is the mainstay of histoplasmosis diagnosis?
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Urine antigen test
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What is the standard rx for severe histoplasmosis?
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Induction rx with IV amphotericin B for 2 weeks followed by PO itraconazole or fluconazole
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What region is coccidiodomycosis endemic?
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Southwestern USA
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How is coccidiomycosis acquired?
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Inhalation of spores when sandy desert soil is disturbed
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What are the clinical symptoms of coccidiomycosis?
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chronic pneumonia, erythema nodosum
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How is coccidiomycosis diagnosed?
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Spherules with endospore,
CFT serology |
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How is candidiasis diagnosed?
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Biopsy of infected tissue that reveal yeast or pseudohyphae (elongated sausage link budding yest)
Blood cultures for fungemia |
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What is the rx for candidiasis?
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Amphotericin B, azoles, echinocandins
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What type of immunocompromised patient is candidiasis associated with?
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Neutropenic patients or ICU patients
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What type of immunocompromised patient is cryptococcosis associated with?
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Defects in T-cell and CMI
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How is cryptococcosis acquired?
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Inhalation of spores
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What is the primary clinical presentation of cryptococcosis?
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Meningitis (10% of pts will have cryptococcomas)
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How does cryptococcosis present on smear?
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On India ink - round yeast with halo
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How is cryptococcosis diagnosed?
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Antigen detection is mainstay (100% in patients with CNS infection)
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What is the most common causative agent of aspergillosis?
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A. fumigatus
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Angioinvasion is a property of what fungal infection?
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Aspergillosis
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How is aspergillosis acquired?
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Inhalation
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What is the clinical presentation of invasive aspergillosis?
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Pneumonia
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What kind of immunocompromised patients are most susceptible to invasive pulmonary aspergillosis?
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Patients with severe neutropenia
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What are key diagnostic findings for patients with invasive aspergillosis?
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Halo sign on CTA
Air crescent on CTA |
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What type of serum antigen test is used for dx of aspergillosis?
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Galactomannan
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What is the rx for invasive aspergillosis?
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Voriconazole
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What does aspergillosis look like on smear?
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Septated hyphae w/ acute angle branching
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