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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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sport & exercise psychology
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the scientific study of people and their behaviors in sport and exercise activities and the practical application of that knowledge
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2 objectives of sport and exercise psychology
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- understand the effects of psychological factors on physical and motor performance
- understand the effects of participation in physical activity on psychological development, health, and well-being |
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roles of sport and exercise psychologist
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- research
- teaching - consulting |
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clinical sport psychologist
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licensed psychologist; works with people with severe emotional disorders, trained to help with eating disorders and substance abuse
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educational sport psychology specialist
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mental coach approach; educates by increasing athletes and coach's awareness of issues such as anxiety
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scientific method
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a process, or method of learning about the world trhu the systematic, controlled, empirical ,and critical filtering of knowledge acquired thru experience. composed of a systematic approach, control of conditions, is empirical, and critical
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systematic approach
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involves standardizing conditions. i.e. one might assess the children's self esteem under identical conditions w a carefully designed measure
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control
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key variables, or elements in the research (i.e. movement education or changes in self esteem) are the focus of study, with other variables controlled so they do not influence the primary relationship
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empirical
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based on observation
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critical
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involves rigorous evaluation by the researcher and other scientists
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a scientist's ultimate goal is a
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theory- a set of interrelated facts that present a systematic view of some phenomenon in order to describe, explain, and predict its future occurrences
i.e. social facilitation theory p 13 |
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studies vs experiements
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Study: the investigator observes or assesses without changing the environment in any way
Experiment: the investigator manipulates variables while observing them, then examines how changes in one or more variables affect changes in others |
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sometimes scientific knowledge is reductionistic
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because it is too complex to study all the variables of a situation simultaneously, the researcher may select isolated variables that are of the most critical interest
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another limitation of science is its overemphasis on
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internal validity. science favors the extent to which results of an investigation can be attributed to the treatment used, usually judging a study by how well scientists conform to the rules of scientific methodology and how systematic and controlled they were in conducting the study
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too much emphasis on internal validity can cause scientists to overlook external validity
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- whether or not the issue has true significance or utility in the real world
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professional practice knowledge
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what we learn through experience, using many methods of knowing.
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sources of professional practice knowledge
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scientific method, systematic observation, single case study, shared public experience, introspection, intuition p 15
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Psychophysiological Orientation
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Examines underlying processes of the brain in terms of primary causes of behavior
Example: biofeedback to trained marksmen, heart rate increase, sweat, bp |
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Social-Psychological Orientation
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Behavior is determined by a complex interaction of the social environment and the personal makeup of the athlete or exerciser
Example: How a leader's style and strategies foster group cohesion |
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Cognitive- Behavioral Orientation
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Behavior is determined by both the environment and thoughts
Example: Studying differences in confidence and anxiety among tennis players with or without burnout |
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Sport and Exercise Psychology as an Art & a Science
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The science of coaching, teaching, or leadership focuses on using general scientific principles
The art of coaching, teaching, or leadership is knowing when and how to individualize these general principles. Contextual intelligence is critical |
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Ethical Standards
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Competence: Maintain the highest standards in your work and recognize the limits of your expertise
Integrity: Clarify roles and do not falsely advertise Professional & Scientific Responsibility: always place the interest in clients Respect of peoples rights and dignity Concerns for the welfare of others Social responsibility |
