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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anorexia nervosa
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o Intense fear of becoming obese
o Significant weight loss o Refuse to maintain normal body weight |
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Bulimia
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• Bulimia
o Episodic eating pattern of uncontrollable eating binging, followed by purging |
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Eating disorders in sports seen most often in
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sports that emphasize a lean physique
Gymnastics Figure skating Body building Swimmers Sports that utilize weight classifications Weight lifting Boxing Wrestling Sports that emphasize body leanness for performance Distance runners |
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When sport psychologists encounter eating disorders, they usually
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refer out to a clinical psychologist
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Athletes with eating disorders tend to present with
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Perfectionist personality
Eagerness to please others Self-critical behavior Low self esteem Very poor coping skills Depressive symptoms Difficulty resolving conflict |
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Substance abuse
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o A maladaptive pattern of psychoactive substance use, indicated by at least one of the following
Continued use despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurring social, occupational, psychological, or physical problem that is caused or exacerbated by use of the psychoactive substance Recurrent use in situations in which the use is physically hazardous (i.e. driving) |
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Substance use
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o Often difficult to detect
o Focus on steroids and alcohol |
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Reasons to take drugs
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Physical
• Enhance performance • Look more attractive • Cope with pain and injury rehabilitation • Control weight Psychological • Offer a convenient escape from unpleasant emotions in the course of dealing with competitive experiences • Offset the stress caused by trying to balance academic pursuits, training schedueles, and personal relationships • Build self confidence Social • Peer pressure |
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Performance-enhancing drugs
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o Anabolic steroids, beta-blockers, and stimulants used by athletes or exercisers to increase strength, calm nerves, or block pain
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Recreational drugs
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o Personal pleasure
o Alcohol, cocaine, marijuana, tobacco |
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Deterrence
Drugs in sports decision model (DSDM) consists of three major components |
Costs of the decision to use
• Legal sanctions (fines, suspensions, jail time) • Social sanctions (disapproval, criticism by important others, material loss) • Self-imposed sanctions (guilt, reduced self-esteem) • Health concerns (negative side effects) Benefits associated with using • Material (prize money, sponsorship, endorsements, contracts) • Social (prestige, glory, acknowledgement by important others) • Internalized (satisfaction of high achievement) Specific situational factors that may in some way affect the cost-benefit analysis of using • Prevalence perceptions (how frequently others use) • Experience with punishment and punishment avoidance • Professional status (how much money and status might be lost) • Perception of authority legitimacy (can the agency enforce the law) • Type of drug (its effects and side-effects) |
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Exercise addiction
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o A psychological or physiological (or both) dependence on a regular regimen of exercise that is characterized by withdrawal symptoms after 24 to 36 hours without exercise
o Increasing tolerance to more exercise o Cause unknown, possibly adrenaline/endorphine needs |
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Withdrawal symptoms of exercise addiction
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Anxiety, irritability, guilt, muscle twitching, a bloated feeling, nervousness
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Exercise addiction more common in
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Aerobic sports
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Positive addiction to exercise
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o Benefits will occur as a person continues to participate in regular physical activity
o Exercisers view their involvement in regular physical activity as important to their lives, and can successfully integrate into other aspects of their lives |
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Negative addiction to exercise
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o Exercise eliminates other choices in life
o Lives become structured around exercise to such an extent that home and work responsibilities suffer and relationships take a backseat |
