Spn 103 Grammar

Front 1

ser

Back 1

to be
used for time, color, nationality. something that does not change

Front 2

estar

Back 2

to be

used for state of being, emotion, location, condition. something subject to change

Front 3

present: ser, yo

Back 3

soy

Front 4

present: ser, tu

Back 4

eres

Front 5

present: ser, el/ella/ud

Back 5

es

Front 6

present: ser, nos

Back 6

somos

Front 7

present: ser, ellos/ellas/uds

Back 7

son

Front 8

present: estar, yo

Back 8

estoy

Front 9

present: estar, tu

Back 9

estas

Front 10

present: estar, el/ella/ud

Back 10

esta

Front 11

present: estar, nos

Back 11

estamos

Front 12

present: estar, ellos/ellas/uds

Back 12

estan

Front 13

past preterite: ser, yo

Back 13

fui

Front 14

past preterite: ser, tu

Back 14

fuiste

Front 15

past preterite: ser, el/ella/ud

Back 15

fue

Front 16

past preterite: ser, nos

Back 16

fuimos

Front 17

past preterite: ser, ellos/ellas/uds

Back 17

fueron

Front 18

past preterite: estar, yo

Back 18

estuve

Front 19

past preterite: estar, tu

Back 19

estuviste

Front 20

past preterite: estar, el/ella/ud

Back 20

estuvo

Front 21

past preterite: estar, nos

Back 21

estuvimos

Front 22

past preterite: estar, ellos/ellas/uds

Back 22

estuvieron

Front 23

past imperfect: ser, yo

Back 23

era

Front 24

past imperfect: ser, tu

Back 24

eras

Front 25

past imperfect: ser, el/ella/ud

Back 25

era

Front 26

past imperfect: ser, nos

Back 26

eramos

Front 27

past imperfect: ser, ellos/ellas/uds

Back 27

eran

Front 28

past imperfect: estar, yo

Back 28

estaba

Front 29

past imperfect: estar, tu

Back 29

estabas

Front 30

past imperfect: estar, el/ella/ud

Back 30

estaba

Front 31

past imperfect: estar, nos

Back 31

estabamos

Front 32

past imperfect: estar, ellos/ellas/uds

Back 32

estaban

Front 33

irregular imperative

Back 33

(imperative as positive tu commands) positive only

Front 34

irregular imperative, salir

Back 34

sal=to go out

Front 35

irregular imperative, dar

Back 35

da=give

Front 36

irregular imperative, venir

Back 36

ven=come

Front 37

irregular imperative, ir

Back 37

ve=go

Front 38

irregular imperative, ponir

Back 38

pon=place

Front 39

irregular imperative, hacer

Back 39

haz=do

Front 40

preterite

Back 40

actions that are seen as completed. Definite beginning and end

Front 41

preterite key words

Back 41

esta manana; tarde; noche; anoche; el otro dia; ayer

Front 42

preterite -ar yo

Back 42

-é

Front 43

preterite -ar tu

Back 43

-aste

Front 44

preterite -ar el/ella/ud

Back 44

-o

Front 45

preterite -ar nos

Back 45

amos

Front 46

preterite -ar ellos/ellas/uds

Back 46

-aron

Front 47

preterite -er/-ir yo

Back 47

-i

Front 48

preterite -er/-ir tu

Back 48

-iste

Front 49

preterite -er/-ir el/ella/ud

Back 49

-o

Front 50

preterite -er/-ir nos

Back 50

imos

Front 51

preterite -er/-ir ellos/ellas/uds

Back 51

ieron

Front 52

imperfect

Back 52

verb from that combines past tense and imperfect aspect (i.e. habitual)

Front 53

imperfect key words

Back 53

todos los dias; siempre; nunca; cada

Front 54

imperfect -ar yo

Back 54

-aba

Front 55

imperfect -ar tu

Back 55

-abas

Front 56

imperfect -ar el/ella/ud

Back 56

o

Front 57

imperfect -ar no

Back 57

ims

Front 58

imperfect -ar ellos/ellas/uds

Back 58

aban

Front 59

imperfect -er/-ir yo

Back 59

ia

Front 60

imperfect -er/-ir tu

Back 60

ias

Front 61

imperfect -er/-ir el/ella/ud

Back 61

ias

Front 62

imperfect -er/-ir nos

Back 62

iamos

Front 63

imperfect -er/-ir ellos/ellas/uds

Back 63

ian

Front 64

present perfect

Back 64

an action or state that has been completed prior to another point in time (EX: I have studied)

Front 65

present perfect -er/-ir

Back 65

-ido

endings stay the same, add he/has/ha/hemos/habeis to differentiate the subject

Front 66

present perfect -ar

Back 66

-ado

endings stay the same, add he/has/ha/hemos/habeis to differentiate the subject

Front 67

present perfect sentence structure

Back 67

ya he comido

me he cepillado los dientes

Front 68

ya

Back 68

already/ used with present perfect

Front 69

negative present perfect

Back 69

place "no" before indirect object pronoun "le"

EX: Pablo no le had dado mucho dinero

EX: No me he cepillado los dientes

Front 70

Use both preterite and imperfect

Back 70

When telling a story/information

The imperfect is used to describe what you were doing, the action that interrupts the imperfect would the be the preterite

Front 71

irregular imperfects

Back 71

ir; ser; ver

Front 72

ir, irregular imperfect

Back 72

yo iba nos ibamos

tu ibas ellos/ellas/uds iban

el/ella/ud iba

Front 73

ser, irregular imperfect

Back 73

yo era nos eramos

tu eras ellos/ellas/uds eran

el/ella/ud era

Front 74

ver, irregular imperfect

Back 74

yo veia nos veiamos

tu veias ellos/ellas/uds veian

el/ella/ud veia

Front 75

formal commands

Back 75

take the el/ella/ud form of the verb and switch the ending to its opposite

(i.e. an -er verb is changed to have an -ar ending)

Front 76

command

Back 76

plural gets an "-n" added

negative, just add no in front of the command`

Front 77

a mi

Back 77

me

Front 78

a ti

Back 78

te

Front 79

a ud/el/ella

Back 79

le

Front 80

a nos

Back 80

nos

Front 81

a vos

Back 81

os

Front 82

a uds/ellos/ellas

Back 82

les