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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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General characteristics of Campylobacter species? |
GRAM NEG, "Gull wing" & Spiral shaped - Motile - Microaerophilic (survives on reduced oxygen) - Likes enriched mediums - Non-fermentive (unlike E.coli) - Oxidase positive - Commensals of intestinal tract of animals - Pathogen in reproductive & enteric tracts |
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What is the campylobacter species responsible for sporadic abortion in ruminants (mostly sheep), pigs, and horses often late in gestation & is transmitted by contaminated food & water? |
CAMPYLOBACTER FETUS sub species fetus (C. fetus ss fetus) - Bacteraemia ensues, spreads to distal sites including placenta - invades, results in placentitis and kills fetus (3rd trimester) |
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Pathogenesis of Campylobacter fetus ss fetus - ovine abortion? |
- Contains high MW protein S-layer on the surface of the bacterium which doesn't bind complement and evades immune response of host (similar function as a capsule) - Makes this bacteria extremely virulent - Bacteraemia ensues, spreads to distal sites including placenta - invades, results in placentitis and kills fetus (3rd trimester) |
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The cause of bovine venereal campylobacteriosis (BVC - sexually transmitted bovine infectious infertility)? |
CAMPYLOBACTER FETUS sub species venerealis - Transmitted by infected bulls through normal breeding or AI |
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Pathogenesis of C. fetus ss venerealis? |
BVC - Bovine venereal campylobacteriosis - Transmitted by infected bulls through normal breeding or AI - Organism recovered from glans penis & distal urethra of infected bulls - Ascending infection in cows from vagina to oviducts - Antigenic shifts in immunodominant antigens of S-layer proteins (sapA) allows persistence in vagina = Temporary infertility, abortion in some (<10%) * Protective immunity eventually develops via IgA in vagina & IgG in uterus |
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Intestinal campylobacteriosis in dogs is due to what species? Symptoms? |
CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI - Acute diarrhea (bloody or watery) in puppies - Often followed by owner or child getting diarrhea - Healthy dogs may shed bacteria without symptoms - Part of normal intestinal flora in birds |
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What are two species of Campylobacter that frequently cause acute infective bacterial diarrhea in man? |
C. JEJUNI & C. COLI (5-15%) - Acquired from animals via food or direct contact |
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Describe the features of campylobacter enteritis in man. |
FOOD POISONING = poultry, raw meat, unpasteurized milk, untreated water, shellfish - Long incubation = 3 days - Symptoms: abdominal pain, diarrhea (bloody or watery), fever, rigors & high fever |
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Techniques for identifying campylobacter spp? |
Lab identification: - Selective media containing antibiotic cocktails - Grows at 37-42C - Microaerophilic atmosphere - Colonies small (1-2mm) - runny, white - Confirm by smear and gram stain (gram- spirals) - API Campy |
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Describe the appearance of spirochaetes on a gram stiain. |
Spiral, flexible gram NEGATIVE rods - Arranged in spirals and with flagellae (highly motile) originating at each end and curling around body within outer envelope |
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General characteristics of Borrelia? |
Large spirochaetes, Gram negative - Live in blood (TICKS) - Aerobic - Identified by PCR - Responsible for Lyme Borreliosis in man and dogs = Borrelia burgdorferi |
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Epidemiology of Lyme Borreliosis? |
B. Burgdorferi - Spread via ticks (nymphs 10-25%, adults ~60%) - Spirochete migrates in tick when feeding and takes 24-48 hours from midgut to salivary glands - So short-term tick exposure = no infection * Intrauterine transmission in dogs (congenitally passed to pups) |
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Most common domestic animal host for lyme borreliosis? |
CANINE |
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Signs/symptoms of Canine Lyme Borreliosis? |
1. Sudden onset - lethargy, inappetence, fever - acute arthritis 2. Inflammation of joint space 3. Swollen, edematous LN 4. CNS Infection 5. Fatal renal disease |
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Describe lyme borreliosis in man. |
Incubation period: 7-14 days 1. Skin stage = erthema migrans; spirochetes multiply in skin 2. Second stage = musculoskeletal signs, cardiac damage, rare CNS signs |
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General characteristics of Leptospira spp? |
Very fine, long bacteria, gram neg bacteria - Tightly coiled, hooked ends - Aerobic - Fastidious, easily destroyed (can't survive high temps) |
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How is Leptospira classified into species/serovars? |
1. DNA = into species 2. Serology = into serovars |
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Pathogenesis of Leptospira spp? |
Enters through cuts, abrasions or conjunctivae - Evades local defenses & produce bacteremia: shorter = host-adapted strains or longer = non-adapted strains (abortion storms) - Proliferate in liver, kidneys, spleen, and meninges - Antibodies & complement eliminate leptospires from blood stream & other tissues EXCEPT BRAIN, EYE & KIDNEY - Bacteria multiplies in kidney prox conv tub - Excreted in urine by asymptomatic reservoir hosts |
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Leptospira spp may either be host-adapted or non-adapted. Which type of serovar exhibit more severe disease? |
NON-ADAPTED SPECIES = SEVERE DISEASE - abortion storms, fever, icterus (jaundice)
Host-adapted species = mild clinical signs, sporadic abortion, infertility |
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Leptospira spp that cause disease in domestics? |
Dogs: L. bratislava = mild disease, infertility, weak pups L. Canicola = NON-ADAPTED = SEVERE * High fever, myalgia, bloody vomit (vascular damage) * Acute nephritis progresses to chronic interstitial nephritis = renal failure |
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Describe the zoonotic effects Leptospira. |
Spread via contact with infected animals or infected water (watersports, tsunami, flooding) Symptoms: - Uncomplicated pyrexia - Meningitis, Weil's disease - Shock, collapse - Jaundice, renal failure |
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General characteristics of Brachyspira spp? |
SPIROCHETE - Gram neg, large spirochetes - Anaerobic - B-hemolytic on blood agar - Species identification via: hemolysis, API ZYM test, size, sugars, & indole - Live in LI animals and birds, where some cause inflammation diarrhea & dysentery |
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List the main Brachyspira species, disease & host: |
1. Brachyspira hyodysenteriae = swine dysentery 2. B. pilosicoli = diarrhea (pigs, poultry, dogs & humans) 3. B. alvinipulli = goose diarrhea |
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General characteristics for Brachyspira pilosicoli? |
SPIROCHETE, Smaller B. hyodysenteriae, gram neg - Less hemolytic - SPIROCHAETAL DIARRHEA in pigs, chickens, dogs and humans; not bloody like in swine |
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General characteristics for Brachyspira hyodysenteriae? |
SPIROCHETE, Large, gram neg - SWINE DYSENTERY - Clearly visible in gram stained smears - B-hemolytic colonies on blood agar after 48 hours in anaerobic condition |
