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30 Cards in this Set

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Vertebral column

26 irregular bones- 24 "free" bones, 2 fused bones



Functions: protects spinal cord, support- weight bearing, movement (lots)- muscle attachment, stability

Major regions of vertebral column

Cervical-- 7 vertebrae


Thoracic-- 12 vertebrae


Lumbar-- 5 vertebrae


Pelvic-- 2 (fused)


-sacrum; 5 fused bones


-coccyx; 3-5 fused bones

Atlas (c1)

C1- the atlas: lacks a body and a spinous process, different shape, the superior articular facets receive the skull, they "carry" the skull. These joints participate in flexion and extension of the head and neck, as when you nod "yes". The inferior articular facets form joints with the axis (c2).

The axis (c2)

Has a body, spinous process, and other typical vertebral processes. With the addition of the dens (tooth) projecting superiorly from its body. The dens acts as a pivot for the rotation of the atlas and skull. Participates in rotating the head from side to side (no).

Transverse foramen (cervical only)

#8

Costal facet of a thoracic vertebrae

#3

Pedicle

#4

Sacral canal

#2

Transverse process

#5

Superior articular facet

#7

Spinous process

#8

Inferior articular process

#7

Lamina

#1

Vertebral foramen

#2

Body

#4

Transverse costal facet (thoracic only)

#2

Superior costal facet (thoracic only)

#6

Inferior costal facet (thoracic only)

#8

Superior articular process

#1

Inferior articular facet

#6

Sacral promontory

#1

Ala

#5

Transverse lines (ridges?)

#2

Superior articular facet (and process?)

#6

Sacral foramina

#9

Sacrum

-Made up of five fused vertebrae s1-s5.


- bears weight of whole spine


- sacrum fuses during fetal development


- hyaline Cartilage at articular surfaces


- L5 articulates at top of sacrum

Coccyx

#4


- made up of 3-5 fused coccygeal vertebrae

Cervical vertebrae

C1- C7


- all cervical vertebrae posses transverse foramina. Typically with a small, oval shaped centrum. The vertebral foramen is typically triangular in shape.


C2-c6 often have a bifid spinous process.

Thoracic vertebrae

T1-T12


- typically have a long spinous process and a heart shaped vertebral foramen. Articular facets present on transverse processes (articulate with ribs). Articular facets (or demifacets) present the body (articulate with ribs).

Lumbar vertebrae

L1-L5


- typically have a large stout/ robust body, and a blunt spinous process