Spinal Cord And Spinal Nerves

Front 1

What is a dermatome?

Back 1

specific segment of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve

Front 2

What is a dermatome map?

Back 2

The skin of the body may be divided into sensory segments where the spinal nerves (except for C1 innervate)

Front 3

Which spinal nerve does not innervate a segment of skin?

Back 3

C1

Front 4

What are shingles?

Back 4

reactivation of chickenpox in adults

Front 5

What are a few characteristics of shingles?

Back 5

one-sided bumpy red rash that follows a dermatomal pattern, very painful

Front 6

What is referred visceral pain?

Back 6

A phenomenon in which pain or discomfort from one organ is mistakenly referred to a dermatome.

Front 7

What is the phenomenon in which pain or discomfort from one organ is mistakenly referred to a dermatome?

Back 7

Referred visceral pain

Front 8

Why does the CNS misinterpret impulses in referred visceral pain?

Back 8

neurons from the same spinal segment innervate both the visceral region where the damage occurs and the superficial region to which the pain is referred.

Front 9

What happens as a result of cutaneous and visceral sensory neurons htat conduct nerve impulses on the same ascending tracts within the spinal cord when referring to referred visceral pain?

Back 9

Impulses conducted along ascending pathways may be localized incorrectly and the sensory cortex of the brain is unable to differentiate between the actual and false sources fo the stimulus.

Front 10

when you have a heart attack, why is it common to have pain along the left side of the arm?

Back 10

Becaus the heart receives its sympathetic innervation from the T1-T5 segments of teh spinal cord. The pain may be referred to the skin dermatomes lacated there.

Front 11

If you have kidney disease, where would pain be referred, why?

Back 11

Along the T10-L2 dermatomes, which typically overlie the inferior abdominal wall in the groin and loin regions.

Front 12

What causes a brain freeze?

Back 12

the nerves in the region of the palate sense this as pain on hard palate which transmits sensation back to trigeminal nerve gagnlia. Results in pain to forehead and below the orbit.

Front 13

What is a nerve plexus?

Back 13

network of interweaving spinal nerves

Front 14

What does NOT form a nerve plexus?

Back 14

Most of the thoracic spinal nerves (T2-T12) as well as S4-Co1

Front 15

How are nerve plexuses organized?

Back 15

Axons from each spinal nerve extend to body structures through several different branches.

Front 16

What are most of the named nerves from a plexus composed of?

Back 16

axons from multiple spinal nerves

Front 17

Why would there be a need for nerve plexus?

Back 17

damage to a single segment of the spinal cord or damage to a single spinal nerve generally does not result in complete loss of innervation to a particular muscle or region of skin.

Front 18

What are the 4 nerve plexuses of the spinal nerves?

Back 18

Left and right cervical plexuses and Left and right brachial plexuses

Front 19

Where are the cervical plexuses located?

Back 19

deep on each side of the neck immediately lateral to the C1-C4

Front 20

Branches of the cervical plexuses innervate which muscles?

Back 20

anterior neck muscles as well as the skin (phrenic diaphragm, heart)

Front 21

What is one important branch of the cervical plexus, what does it do and which nerves contribute to it?

Back 21

Phenic nerve fromed primarily from the C4 nerve and some contributing axons from C3 and C5 3 (3 4 5 keep the diaphragm alive!!!)

Front 22

What causes hiccups?

Back 22

irritation to the phrenic nerve (diaphragm contracts, epiglottis closes and makes sound)

Front 23

What plexuses of nerves supply the upper limb?

Back 23

L and R brachial plexuses

Front 24

Where are the L and R brachial plexuses located?

Back 24

formed by spinal nerves (C5-T1)

Front 25

Where do the components of the brachial plexus extend laterally from and where do they lead to?

Back 25

neck, pass superior to the first rib, and then continue into the axilla

Front 26

What nerve innervates the pectoral girdle and the entire upper limb of one side?

Back 26

brachial plexus

Front 27

What 5 major nerves arise from the brachial plexus?

Back 27

Axillary, median, musculocutaneous nerve, radial nerve, ulnar nerve

Front 28

What does the axillary nerve innervate?

Back 28

deltoid and the teres minor muscles. It receives sensory information from the superolateral part of the arm and skin.

Front 29

If the deltoid and the teres minor muscles were painful, what nerve would be responsible?

Back 29

axillary nerve

Front 30

What nerve travels along the midline of the arm and foreamr and deep to the carpal tunnel fo the wrist?

Back 30

Median nerve

Front 31

What nerve receives sensory information from the palmar side of the fingers 1 2 3 and lateral 1/2 of finger 4 from the dorsal tips of these same fingers?

Back 31

Median nerve

Front 32

If it was difficult to clench the hand and you were numb in 123 and 4, what nerve could be damaged?

Back 32

median nerve

Front 33

Which nerve innervates the biceps brachii and receives sensory input from the lateral surface of the forearm?

Back 33

musculocutaneous nerve

Front 34

What does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate?

Back 34

Biceps brachii and lat surface of forearm

Front 35

Where does the radial nerve travel?

Back 35

Along the posterior side of the arm and then along the radial side of the forearm.

Front 36

What nerve innervates the triceps brachii?

Back 36

radial nerve

Front 37

What nerve wraps posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus and the runs along the ulnar side of the forearm?

Back 37

Ulnar nerve

Front 38

what age group are brachial plexus injuries most common?

Back 38

18-22 yo

Front 39

If a patient has difficulty abducting the arm what nerve could be responsible and what muscles would it affect?

Back 39

axillary nerve, deltoid

Front 40

What nerve would cause a patient to anesthesia along the superolateral skin of the arm

Back 40

axillary nerve

Front 41

What nerve is especially subject to injury during humeral shaft fractures or in injuries to the lateral elbow?

Back 41

radial nerve

Front 42

Nerve damage of the radial nerve results in what?

Back 42

extensor muscles of the forearm, wrist, and fingers

Front 43

If a patient comes in with wrist drop, what nerve did the patient most likely injure?

Back 43

radial nerve

Front 44

What does the posterior cord of the brachial plexus include?

Back 44

axillary and radial nerves

Front 45

What is the condition called for improper use of the crutches and which can be damaged as a result?

Back 45

crutch palsy or drunkard's paralysis, axillary nerve

Front 46

Which nerve may be impinged as a result of carpal tunnel syndrome?

Back 46

Median nerve

Front 47

Which nerve is associated with ape hand deformity what muscles of the hand are paralyzed as a result?

Back 47

ulnar nerve intrinsic muscles of the hand

Front 48

How can you test for an ulnar nerve injury?

Back 48

hold a paper in hand, if doctor is easily able to pull away, nerve is damaged.

Front 49

What injury can occur by excessive separation of the neck and shoulder?

Back 49

superior trunk injury any brachial plexus branch that has these nerves is affected

Front 50

What nerve bundle would be damaged if a patient shows scapular winging?

Back 50

brachial plexus

Front 51

How does an inferior trunk injury occur?

Back 51

A child grabbing a branch to keep from falling.

Front 52

A PATIENT HAS SUFFERED A FRACTURE OF THE
SURGICAL NECK OF THE FEMUR THAT IS SUCCESSFULLY
REPAIRED WITH A MEDULLARY ROD THAT BRIDGES THE
FRACTURE LINE. HOWEVER, AS THE WEEKS PASS, THE
PATIENT IS UNABLE TO ABDUCT THE ARM AND SUFFERS
FROM ANESTHESIA ALONG THE SUPEROLATERAL SKIN
OF THE ARM. WHAT HAS BEEN DAMAGED?

Back 52

Axillary nerve