Spinal Cord And Ans

Front 1

What are the functions of spinal cord and spinal nerves of ANS?

Back 1

detect sensations (neck and inferior regions)

reflex processing

motor output (somatic - skeletal muscles)

(visceral - smooth and cardiac muscles and glands)

Front 2

Which areas of spinal cord contain enlargements?

Back 2

Cervical and Lumbar

Front 3

What causes the enlargements in the Cervical and Lumbar areas?

Back 3

More cell body of neurons that innervate the cervical/lumbar areas

Front 4

Why is there lumbar enlargement?

Back 4

Lower limb has more neuron cell bodies that innervate the lumbar area = fine motor control

Front 5

What consist of gray matter?

Back 5

Posterior horn

Lateral horn

Anterior horn

Front 6

What is posterior funiculus?

Back 6

White Matter

Front 7

What consist of the lateral horn?

Back 7

T1 - L2 and S2 - S4

Front 8

What does white matter consist of?

Back 8

Myelinated axons (fat = white)

Front 9

What is the central canal lined by and produce what?

Back 9

Central canal is lined by ependymal cells and CSF travels through the central canal (produced by ependymal cells)

Front 10

What does the gray matter consist of ?

Back 10

Unmyelinated axons, dendrites, cell bodies of neurons, and glial cells.

Front 11

What does the spinal nerve consist of?

Back 11

Both Sensory and Motor axons

(Posterior root and Anterior root)

Front 12

What is epidural space?

Back 12

Space between dura mater and periosteum

Front 13

What does the ANS consist of?

Back 13

Rami Communicans,

Anterior Ramus

Sympathetic Chain Ganglion

Front 14

What does the posterior horn consist of?

Back 14

Interneurons and sensory axons

Front 15

What does the anterior horn consist of?

Back 15

Somatic motor neurons

Front 16

What does anterior root consist of?

Back 16

motor

Front 17

What does posterior root consist of

Back 17

sensory

Front 18

What does the subdural space separate?

Back 18

Dura Mater and Arachnoid Mater

Front 19

What are the two divisions of ANS?

Back 19

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

Front 20

PNS is covered by what meninges?

Back 20

Dura Mater and Pia Mater

Front 21

What does rami communicans control?

Back 21

Visceral Motor Organs

Front 22

What does the posterior ramus control?

Back 22

Motor and Sensory

Front 23

What areas does the Anterior Ramus (ANS) innervate/control?

Back 23

Anterior Trunk, Upper Limb, Lower Limb, Pelvic (Motor & Sensory)

Front 24

In both parasympathetic axons are myelinated while post gannglionic axons are unmyelinated.

Back 24

Both innervate muscles or glands

Front 25

Where are the parasympathetic preganglionic neurons originate in the CNS?

Back 25

in either the brainstem or lateral gray matter of S2-S4 spinal cord segments

Cranial nerve nuclei (CN3, CN7, CN9, CN10)

oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus

Front 26

Where are the sympathetic preganglionic neurons originate in the CNS?

Back 26

in lateral horns of T!-L2 spinal cord segments (Sympathetic trunk)

Front 27

What is the sympathetic preganglionic axon length?

Back 27

Short

Front 28

What is the sympathetic postganglionic axon length?

Back 28

Long

Front 29

What is the parasympathetic preganglionic axon length?

Back 29

Long

Front 30

What is the parasympathetic postganglionic axon length?

Back 30

Really Short

Front 31

Where is the sympathetic autonomic ganglia located?

Back 31

Relatively close to the vertebral column

Front 32

Where is the parasympathetic autonomic ganglia located?

Back 32

Close to or within the wall of the effector target organ

Front 33

What ganglia types are in the sympathetic ANS?

Back 33

Prevertebral ganglia

Sympathetic Chain ganglion

Front 34

What ganglia types are in the parasympathetic ANS?

Back 34

Terminal / Intramural ganglia

Front 35

Are there Rami Communicantes in Parasympathetic ANS?

Back 35

NOne

Front 36

Are there rami communicantes in sympathetic ANS?

Back 36

Yes, white rami attach to T1-L2 spinal nerve and gray rami attach to all spinal nerves

Front 37

Divergence of axons in parasympathetic...

Back 37

Few branching (1 axon innervates < 4 ganglionic cell bodies

Front 38

Divergence of axons in sympathetic ..

Back 38

Extensive branching (1 axon innervates > 20 ganglionic cell bodies

Front 39

The lack of extensive divergence in preganglionic axons preents the mass activation seen in sympathetic division

Back 39

IOW, = parasympathetic activity can affect one group of organs without necessarily having to turn on all other organs

Front 40

What is another name for sympathetic ANS?

Back 40

thoracolumbar division

(preganglionic neuron cell bodies originate and housed between first thoracic (T1) and second lumbar (L2) spinal segments)

Front 41

What are the sympathetic division destinations?

Back 41

Head, neck, integumentary structures, thoracic organs, most abdominal organs, pelvic organs.

Front 42

What is the pregnaglionic neurotransmitter for sympathetic ANS?

Back 42

Ach

Front 43

What is the postgnaglionic neurotransmitter for sympathetic ANS?

Back 43

Norepinephrine

Front 44

What is the pregnaglionic neurotransmitter for parasympathetic ANS?

Back 44

Ach

Front 45

What is the postgnaglionic neurotransmitter for parasympathetic ANS?

Back 45

Ach

Front 46

What connects the spinal nerves to each sympathetic chain ganglion?

Back 46

rami communicantes

Front 47

What does white rami communicantes carry?

Back 47

preganglionic sympathetic axons from T1-L2 spinal nerves to sympathetic trunk

Front 48

Preganglionic axons are ..

(entance ramps)

Back 48

Myelinated

Front 49

What does gray rami commnicants carry?

Back 49

postganglionic sympathetic axons from sympathetic trunk to spinal nerve

Front 50

Postganglionic axons are ..

(exit ramps)

Back 50

unmyelinated