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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Where does the spinal cord run from and to? |
Medulla to conus medullaris all the way down to L1 and L2 intervertebral space. |
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It exits as spinal nerves in how many pairs? |
31 pairs |
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What nerves of the spinal cord exist above the vertebrae? |
C1 to C7 |
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Where does c8 exit? |
Below c7 |
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What spinal nerves exist below the vertebrae? |
T1 onwards |
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What is the horse tail? |
Cauda equine |
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What is the cauda equina |
Long spinal nerve roots that connect L1 segments and below to the periphery. |
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How many arteries does the spine have? |
3 |
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What does the anterior spinal artery supply? |
Anterior or central 2/3 of spinal cord |
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What do the two paired posterior arteries of the spine supply? |
DCML and Peripheries of Spinal cord |
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What 2 types of axons are found at each level of the spine? |
Sensory and Motor |
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What will damage at a level of the spinal cord cause? |
Effected sensation and movement in a specific region. |
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C3, C4, C5? |
Diaphragm |
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C5? |
Elbow Flexors |
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C6 |
Wrist extensors |
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C7? |
Elbow extensors |
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C8 |
Finger flexors |
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T1? |
Finger abductors |
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L2 |
Hip flexors |
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L3 |
Knee extensors |
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L4? |
Ankle dorsiflexors |
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L5? |
Long toe extensors |
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S1 |
Ankle plantar flexors |
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What is a dermatome? |
Area of skin supplied by sensory branches from one spinal segment. Or on one side of a single spinal nerve. |
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What is a myotome? |
A part of skeletal muscle supplied by a single spinal cord segment. Or on o es side by a single spinal nerve. |
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What happens if there is damage at a spinal level and corresponding spinal nerve? |
It will affect sensation and movement in a specific region of the body. (L or R) or (both) |
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How are each segments of the spinal cord connected? |
Via sensory and motor axons to a specific part of the body |
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What are muscles innervated by? |
Peripheral nerves from 2 or more spinal segments (but does come from a main level) |
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Injury to the cervical region results in what? |
Tetraplegia or Quadraplegia |
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What is tetraplegia or quadraplegia? |
Use of all 4 limbs affected. |
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Injury to the thoracic, lumbar or sacral region results in what? |
Paraplegia |
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What is paraplegia? |
Use of legs affected |
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What classifies as a complete spinal cord injury (SCI)? |
No evidence of sensory or motor function below the level of lesion. |
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What classifies as an incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI)? |
Some evidence of sensory or motor function below the level of lesion |
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What is white matter made of? |
Myalinated nerve fibers or axons |
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What sites are gray matter involved in? |
Site of connections and site of reflexes |
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Neuron-neuron, interneurons |
Site of connections |
Gray matter |
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Monosynaptic stretch reflex with reciprocal inhibition |
Site of reflexes |
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Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscus (Ascending or descending) |
Ascending |
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Gracile fasciculus (Ascending or descending) |
Ascending |
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Cuneate fasciculus (Ascending or descending) |
Ascending |
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Posterior and anterior spinocerebellar tract (Ascending or descending) |
Ascending |
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What tracts are involved in fractionation of movement and Upper limb flexors? |
Lateral coticospinal and rubrospinal |
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What tracts are involved with neck/ upper back movement, gross limb movement and postural control? |
Medial corticospinal, reticulospinal and vestibulospinal |
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Muscles c1, c2, c3? |
Head and neck |
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Muscles c4 |
Diaphragm |
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Muscles c5 |
Deltoids and biceps |
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Muscles C6? |
Wrist extensors |
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Muscles C7 |
Triceps |
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Muscles C8 |
Hand |
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Muscles T1-T6 |
Chest muscles |
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Muscles t7-t12 |
Abdominals |
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Muscles L1-L5 |
Legs |
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What is the Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscus for? |
Conscious discriminative touch, proprioception from fasciculus cuneatus and fasciculus gracilis |
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What is the laterally located fasciculus cuneatus for? |
Upper trunk and arms |
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What is the medially located fasciculus gracilis for? |
Leg and lower trunk |
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What is the lateral spinothalamic tract for? |
Conscious pain and temp (somatotopically organised) |
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What is the spinocerebellar for? |
Subconscious proprioception |
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What is the Lateral corticospinals function? |
Contralateral fractionation of movement (mostly hand) - somatotopically organised |
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What is the anterior corticospinal for? |
Ipsilateral control of neck, shoulder and trunk muscles |
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What is the role of the vestibulospinal and reticulospinal? |
Postural control and gross movement |
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Health conditions of complete lesions of spinal cord injury? |
Space occupying lesion Infection Degeneration Trauma Vascular |
SID TV |
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Effect of complete spinal lesions of DCML |
Loss of conscious touch, pressure, proprioception bilaterally at level of lesion and below |
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Effect of complete spinal lesions of Lateral Spinothalamic |
Loss of conscious pain and temp bilaterally at the level of lesion and below |
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Effect of complete spinal lesions of Lateral Corticospinal |
Loss of voluntary motor function bilaterally at level of lesion and below |
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Effects of Incomplete lesions of spinal cord for the Anterior cord? |
Loss of voluntary and subconscious movement Sparing of conscious sensation |
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Effects of Incomplete lesions of spinal cord for the central cord |
Loss of upper limb movement and some sensation |
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Effects of Incomplete lesions of spinal cord for the Brown Sequard? |
Ipsilateral loss of strength and proprioception. Contralateral loss of pain/temp |
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Effects of Incomplete lesions of spinal cord for the Posterior Columns? |
Loss of conscious touch, pressure, vibration and proprioception. |
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Effects of Incomplete lesions of spinal cord for the Cauda Equina? |
Loss of sensation, movement (PNS) spinal nerve damage. |
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