Spinal Cord

Front 1

Where are the vertebrae derived from?

Back 1

Sclerotome portion of the Somites

Front 2

The notochord induces formation of what?

Back 2

Vertebral Body

Front 3

The neural tube induces formation of what?

Back 3

Vertebral Arch

Front 4

What is essential for proper adult relationships of BV, muscles and nerves relative to each vertebra?

Back 4

Intersegmental development

Front 5

Nucleus pulposus + Annulus fibrosus

Back 5

Intervertebral disc

Front 6

Notochord degenerates where each vertebral body surrounds it, but persists in the intervertebral regions to form what?

Back 6

nucleus pulposus

Front 7

Mesenchymal tissue remaining between each of the developing vertebrae forms what>

Back 7

Annulus Fibrosus

Front 8

Ribs develop as outgrowths of what?

Back 8

costal processes of thoracic level vertebrae

Front 9

The original site of union of the ribs with the thoracic vertebrae is replaced by what?

Back 9

costo-vertebral synovial joints

Front 10

What does spina bifida result from?

Back 10

Failure of the neural tube to induce formation of the arch

Front 11

What is scoliosis due to?

Back 11

Failure of the notochord to induce half of the vertebral body to form

Front 12

In which type of spina bifida do the meninges and/or spinal cord protrude?

Back 12

Cystica

Front 13

Which type of spina bifida is often asymptomatic?

Back 13

Occulta

Front 14

In what sequence do patients have fewer than normal cervical vertebrae?

Back 14

Klippel-Feil Sequence

Front 15

What are the most common type of extra rib?

Back 15

lumbar

Front 16

Which ribs may produce neurovascular problems in the upper limb due to pressure on the brachial plexus and /or subclavian vessels?

Back 16

Cervical
--> Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

Front 17

Where are there enlargements of the spinal cord?

Back 17

cervical and lumbar areas

Front 18

What is is an expansion of the subarachnoid space; approximately vertebral level L2 to vertebral level S2?

Back 18

Lumbar Cistern

Front 19

What is a continuation of the pia beyond the caudal end of the spinal cord?

Back 19

Filum Terminale

Front 20

Where do spinal nerves C 1-7 exit?

Back 20

ABOVE spinal vertebrae

Front 21

Where do spinal nerves C 8 and above exit?

Back 21

BELOW spinal vertebrae

Front 22

What is the cone-shaped caudal end of the spinal cord?

Back 22

Conus medullaris

Front 23

A collection of spinal nerve roots below L2.

Back 23

Cauda Equina

Front 24

Where is the CSF located?

Back 24

In the subarachnoid space

Front 25

What serves to anchor the caudal end of the spinal cord?

Back 25

Filum Terminale

Front 26

What are 21 pair of bi-lateral extensions of the pia?

Back 26

Denticulate Ligament

Front 27

What space is located between the dura and the inner wall of the vertebral canal?

Back 27

Epidural (Extradural) Space

Front 28

What does the epidural space contain?

Back 28

Fat, CT and the internal vertebral venous plexus

Front 29

What is a longitudinal plexus of valveless veins that have an extensive communication with other veins?

Back 29

Internal verterbral venous plexus

Front 30

What is the potential space between the dura and arachnoid that could enlarge if it contained something?

Back 30

Subdural Space

Front 31

Where is the best site to sample CSF?

Back 31

Lumbar Cistern of the subarachnoid space

Front 32

What ganglia are sensory?

Back 32

Dorsal Root

Front 33

Which ganglia are autonomic and motor?

Back 33

Sympathetic ganglia

Front 34

How many nerves in each segment?

Back 34

8 C, 12 T, 5 L, 5 S, 1 Cocc

Front 35

Does the dorsal root ganglia contain synapses?

Back 35

NO

Front 36

Where are pre-ganglionic nerve cell bodies located?

Back 36

Lateral Horn

Front 37

Are there synapses in the autonomic ganglia?

Back 37

YES

Front 38

From what does the central canal of the spinal cord develop?

Back 38

Neural canal of the developing neural tube

Front 39

What is the trend in white matter in the spinal cord?

Back 39

Progressive decrease in white matter at lower levels.

Front 40

Where is gray matter the largest?

Back 40

Cervical and lumbosacral levels

Front 41

a collection of nerve cell bodies that have similar functions and connections

Back 41

Nucleus

Front 42

What is also known as the intermediolateral cell column?

Back 42

Gray Matter of the Lateral Horn

Front 43

What innervate the extrafusal muscle fibers that make up the bulk of the muscle?

Back 43

Alpha motor neurons of the ventral horn

Front 44

What innervate the small intrafusal muscle fibers of the muscle spindles which are found within the muscles?

Back 44

Gamma motor neurons of the ventral horn

Front 45

What are also known as fusimotor neurons?

Back 45

Gamma motor

Front 46

What are also known as lower motor neurons?

Back 46

Alpha motor

Front 47

Where is the phrenic nucleus located?

Back 47

Medial part of ventral horn

Front 48

Where is the accessory nucleus located?

Back 48

Lateral part of ventral horn

Front 49

What innervates the diaphragm?

Back 49

Phrenic Nucleus

Front 50

What alters reflex activity?

Back 50

Damage to afferent, efferent or descending tracts

Front 51

What artery supplies 2/3 of spinal cord?

Back 51

Anterior spinal artery

Front 52

a two neuron system with the first neuron in the CNS, and the second neuron in a ganglion

Back 52

GVE

Front 53

What type of nerves are present in the CNS and autonomic ganglia?

Back 53

Multipolar

Front 54

Where are pseudounipolar nerves found?

Back 54

Ouside the CNS and in dorsal root and cranial nerve ganglia (sensory)

Front 55

What type of ganglion are in the cranial nerves?

Back 55

Parasympathatic and Sensory