Spinal Anatomy, Exam 1, P.1-3

Front 1

What are the 2 main components of the skeletal system?

Back 1

Bones and joints

Front 2

What is bone (boney connective tissue) composed of?

Back 2

A matrix of collagen fibers and hydroxyapatite ground substance

Front 3

What type of forces do collagen and hydroxyapatite give strength to?

Back 3

1) Collagen - tensile forces

2) Hydroxyapatite - compressive forces (calcium)

Front 4

What type of force is hard on bones?

Back 4

torque/twisting

Front 5

Bone (the organ)

Back 5

• composed primarily of bony connective tissue

• other connective tissue

• nervous and epithelial elements

Front 6

What are the 5 mains functions of the skeletal system?

Back 6

1. structure, support, protection

2. locomotion and movement

3. blood cell formation (hematopoiesis)

4. storehouse (inorganic matter and calcium)

5. Sex, age, height, weight, ethnicity, medical history

Front 7

What are the 8 shape classifications of bones?

Back 7

• long bone
• short bones
• flat bones
• irregular bones
• pheumatic bones
• sesamoid bones
• accessory bones
• heterotopic bones

Front 8

Long Bones

Back 8

• longer than wide

• cylindrical with medullary cavity (hollow)

• main component of limbs (humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia, fibula, metacarpals, metatarsals, phalanges

Front 9

Short Bones

Back 9

• Roughly cubical

• give mobility in small spaces

• carpals and tarsals

Front 10

Flat Bones

Back 10

• broad surface for muscle attachmet

• protection of underlying organs

• frontal, parietal, innominate (hip bone), ribs and scapula

Front 11

Irregular Bones

Back 11

• Irregular shape with numerous projections

• vertebrae, sphenoid, scapula

Front 12

Pneumatic Bones

Back 12

• sizable air spaces

• only found in some bones of the skull

• frontal, maxilla, sphenoid, ethmoid, temporal (mastoid process)

• Reduces the weight of the skull, which reduces the need for large neck muscles

Front 13

Sesamoid Bones

Back 13

• Small round bones embedded with in a tendon

• patella, sesamoids of hands and feet

• alter the angle of muscle attachment to increase mechanical leverage

Front 14

Accessory Bones

Back 14

• abnormal bone growth from existing normal bone

• bone spur

• on top of normal bone

Front 15

Heterotopic Bones

Back 15

• abnormal bone formed entirely within soft tissue

• kidney stones, gall stones, muscle or tendon calcification

Front 16

Axial Skeleton

Back 16

• Core of the body

• Skull

• hyoid

• vertebral column

• sturnum

• ribs

Front 17

Skull

Back 17

* 28 bones

• neurocranium - 8 bones

• facial skeleton - 14 bones

• auditory ossicles - 6 bones