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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Adult has ___ separate vertebrae
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26
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Typical vertebra has ___ anatomical features.
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12
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Complete segment should consist of _____ and _____
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two vertebrae
interposing disc |
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______ of the vertebral body are disposed along the lines of force.
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the bony trabedulae
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There is a criss-crossing of trabeculae except in _____ area where there are primarily vertical fibers only.
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anterior
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The _____ portion of vertebra is a region of maximum resistance, while the _____ portion is the zone of miminum resistance. Thus, compression Fx most often occur in the _____ portion of the body of the vertebrae.
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posterior
anterior anterior |
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The more _____ the curve, the more _____ is the wt. bearing capacity.
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pronounced
increased |
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Overweight people normally have _____ curvatures of the spine to assist in wt. bearing.
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greater
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_____, with curvatures being asymmetrical, reduces the wt. bearing capacity.
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Scoliosis
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Straight spine is called _____ spine.
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static
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_____ spine has better shock absorption.
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Dynamic
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The direction of the movement of the intervertebral joint is determined by _____.
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the planes of the articulating surfaces of the facets.
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Lumbar facets lie in a _____ plane and form a ___ degree angle to _____ planes.
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vertical
90 horizontal |
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Thoracic facets lie approximately ___ degree to _____ plane.
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60
horizontal |
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Cervical vertebra lie at about ___ degree angle.
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45
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Distinguishing features of Cervical vertebrae.
a. B. c. d. |
a. bifid spinous processes
B. transverse foramina (for passage of vertebral artery) c. anterior and posterior tubercle on transverse process d. smallest of the vertebrae |
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Distinguishing features of Thoracic vertebrae.
a. b. C. |
a. long and fairly thick spinous processes
b. transverse processes are large and blunt C. have demifacets and costaltransverse facets for articulation of ribs. |
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Distinguishing features of Lumbar vertebrae.
A. b. c. |
A. largest of the vertebrae
b. transverse process is rather sharp c. spinous process is large and blunt |
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Some ___% of the population suffers from some type of exaggerated curve.
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20
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_____: exaggerated thoracic curve.
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Kyphosis
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_____: exaggerated lumbar curve.
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Lordosis
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_____: curving of the spine laterally
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Scoliosis
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Which thoracic vertebrae are atypical?
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T1, T9, T10. T11, T12
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What is the most characteristic feature of T12?
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mammillary processes
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How many bony parts do consist pelvis? What are they?
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3
2 iliac bones sacrum |
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How many joints are there in pelvic area? What are they?
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3 joints
2 sacroiliac joints pubic symphysis |
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Supraspinal ligament: (description)
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Runs from apex of spinous tips.
In cervical region becomes ligamentum nuchae. |
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Flava ligament: (description)
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On anterior portion of vertebra connects one vert. body to another.
Continuous in thracolumbar region. Thickest in thoracic region. |
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Posterior Longitutinal Ligament: (description)
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On posterior surface of vert. body continuous on entire anterior surface of spinal canal.
Stellate is part of the ligament. |
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Interpedicular R & L ligaments: (description)
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Connects pedicle to pedicle, immediately adjacent to nerve root exiting intervertebral foramena contains much fatty tissue and may not be considered a true ligament.
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What are 3 ligaments that are involved in all Sx?
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Interpediclar ligament
Intercentral ligament Capsular ligament |
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Up to ___ years of age, the disc has maximal regenerative ability.
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15
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Disc degeneration usually begins to occur around age ___.
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35
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Age ___ to ___ are the primary years for disc rupture (the actual process of the nucleus penetrating the annulus and leaking outside the disc itself).
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35
50 |
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Disc degeneration tends to occur more often in ___ than ___.
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men
women |
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Which level is the most common for protrusion of the disc?
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L4-L5
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As the angle of the sacrum increases, the _____ increases.
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shearing stress
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About 75% of LBP that can be attributed to some type of improper posture is related to increase in the _____.
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lumbosacral angle
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With an increase in lumbosacral angle, there is an increase in _____ which causes a strain on the facet joints, and makes them into _____ which they are not designed for.
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lordosis
weight-bearing joints |
