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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Respiration
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the interchange of gases between an organism and the enviroment in which it lives. supplies body with oxygen
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The respiratory passage
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oral and nasal cavity
pharyngeal cavity larynx trachea bronchi lungs |
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alveoli
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air sacs distributed all over the lungs, where exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
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Right lung
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-3 main bronchus into 3 secondary bronchi
-3 lobes |
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Left lung
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-2 main bronchus into 2 secondary bronchi
-2 lobes -slightly smaller due to internal organs |
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thoracic cavity
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within the rib cage, superior to abdominal cavity
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abdominal cavity
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inferior to thoracic cavity
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skeletal framework
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-vertebral column
-rib cage -pelvic girdle -pectoral girdle |
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vertebral column
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32 to 34 smaller bones called vertebre
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cervical
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most superior, 7 vertebre
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thoracic
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inferior to cervical, 12 vertebre
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lumbar
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inferior to thoracic, 5 vertebre
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sacral
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inferior to lumbar, 5 vertebre fused together to form sacrum
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coccygeal
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inferior to sacral, 3-5 vertebre fused together to form coccyx
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vertebral foramen
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large hole opening in a single vertebre in which the spinal cord goes thru. closes completely around spinal cord by bone to protect
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corpus of single vertebre
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large solid piece of vertebra
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spinous process
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ridges felt in back from vertebra
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transverse process
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two in number, project one at either side from the point where the lamina joins the pedicle
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two pairs of articulating facets
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a surface for a point of connection
-one pair on corpus -one on each of transverse process (2) |
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atlas
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first cervical vertebra, C1,
-supports the skull |
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axis
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second cervical vertebra, C2
-what the skull rotates on |
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sternum
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central bone that forms ribcage
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manubrium
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most superior part of sternum
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corpus
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big middle part of sternum
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xiphoid process
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small, thin, tip at end of sternum
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head of single rib
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attaces to the articulating facet of the corpus of the vertebra
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tubercle
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attaches at the articulating facet of the transverse process of the vertebra
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t-t
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angle of single rib
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where the rib changes direction
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shaft of single rib
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long part of the rib, end of the bone
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costal cartilage
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where the shaft attaches to the sternum anteriorly
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t/f: every rib attaches posteriorly to vertbral column
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True
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how many pairs of ribs?
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12
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top 6 pairs of ribs
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all connect anteriorly to the sternum and have own costal cartilage attachment to sternum
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ribs 7-10
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share a single costal cartilage to the sternum
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ribs 11-12
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do not attach to sternum, only attach posteriorly
-aka floating ribs |
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pectoral girdle
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-clavicle
-scapula -(humerus) |
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clavicle
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collarbone
-articulates medially with the sternum |
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scapula
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laterally articulates with the clavicle & humerus
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humerus
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top bone of the arm
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muscles of inhalation
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-diaphragm
-external intercostals -p. major -p.minor -sternocleidomastoid -serratus magnus -scalenes -serratus posterior superior -latissmus dorsi |
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diaphragm
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-main muscle of inhalation
-floor of thoracic cavity, roof of abdominal cavity -attaches to xiphiod proess, inner surface of ribs 7-11 and entire length of ribs 12, and lumbar vertebra -when contracts it lowers -expands and elevates |
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exeternal intercostals
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-posterior view:down and lateral
-anterior view:down and medial |
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p. major
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-medial attachments to clavicle, sternum, and ribs
-lateral attachment to humerus |
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p. minor
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-superior attachment to scapula
-inferior attachment to ribs 3-5 |
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sternocleidomastoid
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-superior attachment to mastoid process of skull
-inferior attachment to sternum and clavicle |
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scalenes
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attach to 1st & 2nd ribs and higher cervical vertebre
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serratus magnus
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-lateral & superior attachment to front of scapula
-medial & inferior attachment to 8 or 9 ribs by flaring out -deep to p.minor |
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serratus posterior superior
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-medial attachment to cervical vertebre
-lateral attachment to upper ribs |
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latissmus dorsi
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-lateral attachmennt to humerus
-medial attachment to vertebral column and lower ribs |
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muscles of exhalation
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-rectus abdominus
-external obliques -internal obliques -transverse abdominus -internal intercostals -serratus posterior inferior -transverse thoracic -subcostals -quadratus lumborum |
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