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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the valves of the Vocal Tract? How are they different from the valves of the articulatory system?
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-aryepiglottic folds, false VFs, true VFs
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Compare measures of average Fo and Fo Variability. Explain their use in clinical situation
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av: measures average Fo over utterance. Helps to determine if voice disorder occurs in Fo
var: measured in standard deviation. can indicate level of vocal range--low range can indicate disorder |
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Why Fo is different in children, women, and men (anatomically)
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children: short thin vocal folds vibrate very quickly
Women: longer and thicker than children Men: longer and thicker than women |
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Why Fo Variabilty can be an important indicator of normal or disordered speech
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-reduced range can indicate disorder
-should have little variabilty when sustaining vowel |
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Three ways that objective measures of F and I can assist clinicians in evaluating and treating patiends with neuro disorders
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-Provides objective support of treatment working (e.g., in Fo after working on laryngeal tension)
-Provides online visual feedback of amplitude and frequency levels and variation, thus able to treat laryngeal control, prosody, pitch and loudness. -Previous assumptions based on perception were found to be false once instrumentation was implemented. |
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Compare functions of diaphragm with internal and external intercostals in respiration
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D: lowers when contracted to increase volume in lungs and cause inspiration
ExI: contract to elevate ribcase to increase volume in front-back and lateral direction InI: contract to pull down on rib cage and cause exhalation |
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Describe changes in lung volume from infancy to old
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baby= small volume
25-50= max volume old=smaller volume than when younger |
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What is an EGG?
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-electroglottography
-meausured VF function noninvasively -current passes through thyroid cartilage -VF opening->more resistance->less currenth thru->down slope -VF closing->less resistance->more current thru->up slope -produces Lx wave, Voltage/Time |
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How does voicing affect respiration
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-location moves from nose to mouth
-ratio of in/exhale goes from 40/60 to 90/10 -volume of air 10%VC to 20-25%VC -muscle activity passive->active |
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What is a normal s/z ratio?
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<1.4
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What is the impact of Parkinson's Disease on respiration, phonation, and articulation?
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-reduces VC and P(oral)
-decreased intelligability -monotone, distorted articulation, breathy, weak voice |
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What is the impact of ALS on respiration, phonation, and articulation?
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greater Jitter and Shimmer levels
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What voice disorder can result from extubation?
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Intubation Granuloma--weak, breathy, hoarse voice caused by bilateral scar tissue on VFs
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Nodules
-Varyin degree of hoarseness and breathyness, possible fry |
Identify and give voice quality
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Unilateral Paralysis
-breathy, low amplitude |
Identify and give vocal quality
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Conact ulcers
-caused by reflux and aspiration, causes hoarsness |
Identify
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intubation granuloma
-weak, breathy, hoarse voice (bilateral scar tissue) |
Itentify
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Compare Cricothyroid to Lateral Cricoarytenoid muscles in function and structure
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CT-Changes PITCH by stretching the VFs (tensing them)
L.CA-pulls VFs together (down ad in), closes membranous glottis |
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Identify muslces that
-ADduct and -ABduct the Vfs |
ADDUCTION: Lateral cricoarytenoid, interarytenoid (transverse and oblique),
ABDUCTION: posterior cricoarytenoid |
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Describe how vocal pitch and loudness are regulated
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Pitch: tension in VFs (tighter for higher)
Loudness: Pressure below VFs (more for louder) |
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Why the human voice is nearly periodic and not completely periodic
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VFs do not vibrate in completely even, periodic manner due to tissue and mechanical characteristics. Always small flucutaions in pitch and loudness
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Physologic and acoustic characteristics of
-pulse -falsetto |
Pulse: low pitch, creaky popping sounds; VFs closed for most of vibratory cycle, use less air pressure to vocalize
Falsetto: Fo is high, thinner tone, slightly breathy; VFs very long and stiff, glottis tight and narrow, not as full a vibration as modal and pulse |
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Describe levels of bronchial tree
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Larynx, Trachea, primary Bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles
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A, H, O-Hyoid Bone
B, G Epiglottis C, M, P- Sup. horn of Thyroid Cart. D, L Q - Inf. Horn of TC E, K, R Cricoid cart. F, I, S- thyroid cart J Artyenoid Cart.s |
Label
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A epiglottis
B Hyoid Bone C Thyroid Cart. D. Vocal Ligament E. Cricoid Cart. F. Trachea H. Vocalis muscle I. True VFs J. False VFs |
Identify
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A. Modal
B. Falsetto C. Pulse D. Breathiness E. Hoarseness |
Identify
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