Speech Science Exam 1: Week 5 Part 3

Front 1

Stop burst spectral characteristics help to identify whether stop was

Back 1

vilabial, alveolar or velar

Front 2

Sound of Fricatives is generated by...

Back 2

Air turbulence. Because air is pressurized on one side of a constriction and it flows through a very small opening.

Front 3

Fricatives sound different from one another because they have...

Back 3

different places of articulation; resonating cavities on either side of the constriction will vary in shape and size

Front 4

Resonating cavities that are 'downstream' or anterior to the constriction and larger will resonate...

Back 4

lower frequencies

Front 5

Place of articulation determines the

Back 5

spectral characteristics of the fricative

Front 6

Fricative is like an extended version of

Back 6

the burst of a stop

Front 7

2 sound sources to produce a voiced fricative

Back 7

1-vibration of vocal folds
2-turbulence that is created at the constriction

Front 8

Sound source of voiceless fricative

Back 8

sound generated only at constriction

Front 9

Explain physiologic difference between voiced and voiceless fricative

Back 9

Voiceless: all air pressure from the lungs is directed to the constriction which produces a strong fricative because all of the pressure is directed to that one sound source.

Voiced: actual frication at constriction not as vigorous because larynx uses up some of the pressure created by lungs to create vocal fold oscillation. Voicing with frication sounds add together to create different type of sound with harmonic and turbulence.

Front 10

FFT on spectral slice

Back 10

more jagged fuzzy line

Front 11

LPC on spectral slice

Back 11

more solid line which outlines the envelope of spectrum

Front 12

compare and contrast /s/ with /sh/

Back 12

/s/ on spectral slice stronger energy toward the middle of spectrum and diminishes as you move to the right. To produce /s/ lips are retracted; open space in front of /s/.

/sh/ more energy distributed toward the lower frequency end of hte spectrum and tapers off rapidly to right. Lips are rounded which creates cavity in front of constriction.

Front 13

/f/ is a ____ intensity sound

Back 13

low

Front 14

/f/ and /th/ are

Back 14

nonstridents

Front 15

in /th/ sound, energy is

Back 15

widely distributed and not particularly intense in any one region

Front 16

/s/ and /sh/ are...

Back 16

stridents

Front 17

production of the two fricatives 's' and 'sh' becomes rather similar

Back 17

some types of dysarthria

Front 18

Nonstridents

Back 18

f, v, theta, thorn

Front 19

More difficult to distinguish from one another

Back 19

nonstridents

Front 20

Why are non stridents more difficult to differentiate?

Back 20

Spectral shapes broadly similar; acoustically weak

Front 21

Phone acts like a ____ ____ ___. This does what? Which makes what difficult?

Back 21

band pass filter; eliminates highest & lowest frequencies; making it difficult to tell fricatives apart due to lack of high frequency energy

Front 22

Affricate is a combo of ...

Back 22

stop and fricative in rapid succession that we hear as single sound

Front 23

2 affricates

Back 23

ch (urch) and j (udge)

Front 24

the nasals

Back 24

m, n, ng

Front 25

nasals are _____ different than other consonants

Back 25

qualitatively

Front 26

why do vowels between two nasals become nasalized?

Back 26

velopharyngeal port is open and contributes to damping of energy that enters nasal cavity

Front 27

How do you produce a nasal?

Back 27

Open velopharyngeal port and create an obstruction in oral cavity

Front 28

all nasal sounds are

Back 28

voiced

Front 29

determines the acoustic characteristics of nasal consonant

Back 29

place in oral cavity where the obstruction is made

Front 30

/m/ has a _____ resonating cavity

Back 30

large

Front 31

nasal with most posterior constriction in oral cavity

Back 31

ng

Front 32

looking on a spectrogram it is not easy to tell one from another

Back 32

nasals

Front 33

nasals are _____ in intensity. why?

Back 33

low. soft tissues of nasal cavity attenuate

Front 34

name the glides

Back 34

/w/ and /j/ (ya)

Front 35

why called glide

Back 35

tongue is moving/gliding during production

Front 36

can be compared to dipthongs

Back 36

glides

Front 37

Glides are A.K.A ____ & ______ . why?

Back 37

approximants (approximate certain positions) or semivowels (1/2 vowel; relatively open vocal tract and phonation)

Front 38

Term approximate is also used for

Back 38

/r/ and /l/

Front 39

How is /w/ similar to /u/

Back 39

involves lip rounding and elevation of back of tongue

Front 40

How is /j/ similar to /i/

Back 40

high front constriction

Front 41

name the liquids

Back 41

/r/, /l/

Front 42

Liquids are ______All the way through and have a characteristic ________

Back 42

All the way through; formant pattern

Front 43

F3 for /r/ is

Back 43

Low. Characteristic dip in F3 on spectrogram

Front 44

/r/ and /l/ are ______ in Korean

Back 44

allophone variants; version of phoneme that might be produced slightly differently under different conditions

Front 45

Liquids are ____ to master because of ________ in their production

Back 45

Difficult; muscular patterns involved

Front 46

Not typically sustained. Rather it is the Movement of the formants that is characteristic of the production of these sounds in normal speech production

Back 46

liquids: r and l

Front 47

_____ __ ____during formant transition can be a cue to the listener as to sound being produced

Back 47

Rate of change

Front 48

formants 1 and 2 all have the same pattern (increase in frequency) for these sounds b, w , or u to i. Change is most rapid for ___ slower for ____and slowest for ___

Back 48

b, w, u

Front 49

Moving from d, /j/ and i to u creates a rise in the 1st formant and a fall in the 2nd formant. The change is most rapid for ___, slower for ____, and slowest for _____

Back 49

d, /j/, i