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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Three occasions for rhetoric |
Forensic deliberative epideictic |
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Forensic rhetoric |
Past, true/untrue right/wrong just/unjust, judicial branch |
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Deliberative rhetoric |
Future, worthy/unworthy, advantages/dis legislative branch |
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Epideictic rhetoric |
Present noble base praise/blame celebration demonstrative |
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Artistic proofs |
Crafted by the rhetor, include ethos pathos and logos |
Evidence, testimony, stats, contracts |
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Inartistic proofs |
Facts of a case, external to speech |
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Rhetoric(Aristotle) |
The act of determining in any situation all the available means of Persuasion |
Artistic proof |
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Ethos |
Credibility appeals:character(likability, trustworthiness), competence(knowledge on subject, expertise), dynamism |
Artistic proof |
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Pathos |
Emotional appeal |
Artistic proof |
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Logos |
Logical appeals, syllogism/enthymeme:basic argument structure, the facts and stats used to support the argument |
Informative strategy |
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Defining |
Clarifies a term or concept that's vague or troublesome, may be used to Introduce a new or unexpected way of viewing the subject |
Informative strategy |
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Reporting |
Oral journalism,tells what happened usually in chronological order w/ little over analysis or interpretation |
Informative strategy |
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Describing |
Benefit, helps w/mental picture |
Informative strategy |
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Explaining |
…explaining while considering different views of what happened and speculates about what it means or implies |
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Demonstrating |
Demonstrates…shows audience other than just explaining |
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Comparing |
Seeks to clarify for listeners similarities and differences between items, used to make things seem more alike than an audience would usually think can help decide what category something should go in can provide listeners with the basis of making a choice |
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Agenda setting |
Causing people to think about a topic that they previously knew nothing about or ignored |
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General purpose |
Between the categories of purpose; agenda setting, providing new info weakening commitment and so on determine which one best describes the overall purpose of your speech |
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Specific purpose |
Focuses on the outcome of speech by specifying what you want to achieve or the audience to take away from the speech, it's audience centered Focused on audience rather than speaker, summarizes a single idea, succinct |
Sometimes referred to as common sense includes maxims, generally held beliefs, value judgements, has a status of presumption |
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Thesis |
A succinct statement of the central idea or CLAIM made be the speech, tells what you want to put in the speech |
What happens here stays here |
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Personal experience |
Your own experience or ideas |
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Common knowledge |
The understandings, beliefs, and values members of a society or culture usually share |
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Maxims |
Common sayings |
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Generally held beliefs |
Americans: taxes are too high |
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Value judgements |
Ex. Protecting the environment, commitment to a right to privacy |
Brief example:not in detail, but important Hypothetical: made up a what if Anecdote:own story, provides greater detail Case study:supports claim by zeroing in on one particular study and discussing it in detail |
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Status of presumption |
Considered to be right until shown otherwise |
Ex. Someone's will |
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Direct observation |
Support claim with direct observation, appeals to the common culture value that "seeing is believing" |
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Examples |
Makes a general statement more meaningful by illustrating a specific instance |
Ex. 35 member win |
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Documents |
Primary sources that can establish a claim directly w/o speculation or opinion |
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Stats |
Numbers that record the extent of something or frequency of occurrence |
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Simple enumeration |
Single numbers |
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Rate of change |
How often something changed |
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Experiments |
Controlled tests of the effect of one thing on another |
Know how to evaluate credibility of a source: unavailable, inaccurate or uncertain not credible not relevant inconsistent contradictory outdated |
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Testimony |
Info or an opinion that is expressed by someone other than the speaker |
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Factual testimony |
Facts are pieces of evidence that can be proved true or false, facts usually done through quotes |
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Opinion testimony |
Beliefs formed from experience and judgement |
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AGD attention getting device |
Grabs the audiences attention, convinces them to continue listening |
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Thesis-organization |
Introduces topic |
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Significance |
Why should audience listen? Why is it important |
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Preview |
Naming 3 main points |
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Conclusion |
Review:signal the ending is near, use words to alert audience speech is wrapping up Summary: draw main ideas to help audience remember, remind of key points Finality:make audience think or do what you want, last impression |
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Topical |
Topic, major ideas |
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Spatial |
Space, position, location, geographically |
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Chronological |
Time |
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Residues |
Process of elimination |
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Internal summaries |
Draws together the central points discussed in the body , or within one main idea |
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Links |
Connections from one idea to the next, conjunctions |
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Internal previews |
Short version of what the speaker will discuss, helps prepare audience to follow along |
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Complete transitions |
Includes a summary, a link, and an internal preview |
Accenting syllables, using long or short vowels |
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Articulation |
Clarity of sound |
Ex. Raising pitch at the end of a question and lowering at the end of a statement
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Enunciation |
Distinctness to which words are sounded |
slurring ex. "Whaddya know" |
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Pronunciation |
Accepted way to sound any word |
Desert cake vs desert dry land Pronouncing names differently |
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Inflection |
Applies to entire sentences, |
Ex. Raising pitch at the end of a question and lowering at the end of a statement |
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Anticipation |
Bringing hand to a position from which a gesture can be easily made |
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Inplementation |
Few seconds in which you implement the gesture, the moment when you actually do the gesture |
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Relaxatyoon |
Returning hands to normal position |
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Impromptu |
Little to no prep time |
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Extemporaneous |
Preped and rehearsed but not written or memorized |
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