Speech And Language Chapter 7

Front 1

When does language development begin?

Back 1

At birth

Front 2

_____ plays an important role as the child learns about the world.

Back 2

Language

Front 3

Children learn objects have _____ or _____

Back 3

Labels or Names

Front 4

Children learn to use language to attain their _____ and _____

Back 4

Needs and desires

Front 5

The precursors to language begin in contexts that provide _____ and _____

Back 5

experience and stimulation

Front 6

A child who says "waaah" and reaches for a cookie is said to be how old?

Back 6

6 months

Front 7

A child who says "Wanna cookie?" is said to be how old?

Back 7

2 years old

Front 8

A child that says " Can I have a cookie?" is said to be how old?

Back 8

4 years old

Front 9

A child who says " Wow. Those cookies smell good" is said to be how old?

Back 9

7 years old

Front 10

True or false: Infants are aware of language around them.

Back 10

True

Front 11

As young as _____ weeks, a child can respond to human language

Back 11

4 weeks

Front 12

Children develop responses to _____ patterns.

Back 12

Intonation

Front 13

A child will start to respond to their name at how old?

Back 13

5 months

Front 14

True or false: A child may confuse their name with other words or syllables that sound the same.

Back 14

True

Front 15

True or false: Children do not learn that entities and events have labels.

Back 15

False

Front 16

True or false: Infants are sensitive to and are able to perceive differences between very similar sounds.

Back 16

True

Front 17

Sensitivity and nonnative sounds disappear by how old?

Back 17

8-10 months old

Front 18

True or false: The loss of sensitivity corresponds to the time when infants begin to produce sounds.

Back 18

True

Front 19

Is a loss of sensitivity a total loss?

Back 19

No

Front 20

Would losing sensitivity to differences make it difficult to learn a new language?

Back 20

Yes

Front 21

Burping and crying are examples of _____

Back 21

Reflexive sounds

Front 22

Who produces reflexive sounds?

Back 22

Newborns

Front 23

An infant will gaze at the caretaker and make vowel-like utterances at how old?

Back 23

1 month old

Front 24

Laughter and cooing appear; partial production of consonants and vowels appear at how old?

Back 24

2 months old

Front 25

Turn taking with adults starts to appear, the child will make utterances with consonant and vowel sounds like "bah" and "gah" at how old?

Back 25

3 months old

Front 26

An infant begins to use the tongue with greater strength and control at what age?

Back 26

4 months old

Front 27

The infant begins to imitate sounds including intonation at how old?

Back 27

5 months old

Front 28

At 5-7 months, a child begins to produce _____ and _____ sequences

Back 28

Vowel and syllable

Front 29

"da da da da" is an example of _____

Back 29

reduplicated babbling

Front 30

"ma da pa ga" is an example of _____

Back 30

Variegated babbling

Front 31

The child begins to imitate what they hear (words, phrases, intonation) at how old?

Back 31

8-12 months

Front 32

A child begins to produces sequences of syllables at how old?

Back 32

9-12 months

Front 33

The label for first "words" which are generally quite unintelligible are called _____

Back 33

Jargon

Front 34

Production attempts to approximate real words is called _____

Back 34

Phonetically consistent forms

Front 35

_____ is an important stage in language development

Back 35

Babbling

Front 36

Know:

With Babbling, Children store the sound patterns they hear and produce. The children then draw on those patterns to produce meaningful speech at later ages.

Back 36

Know

Front 37

What is reduplicated babbling?

Back 37

consonant-vowel sequences

Front 38

What is variegated babbling?

Back 38

syllable sequences

Front 39

Know: Language development at 18-36 months

-language develops rapidly

-children are able to use language in a creative manner.
Ex: "up mommy" or "doggy food."

-most of this language is prelinguistic, meaning not yet recognizable.

-Novel utterances reflect the innate skills that allow children to use language in a creative manner.

-Language development takes place over a short period of time and without direct instruction.

Back 39

Know

Front 40

What age does stage 1 consist of in Piaget's stages of cognitive development, and what happens?

Back 40

Birth-1 month; Accommodation or modulation of schema

Front 41

What age does stage 2 consist of in Piaget's stages of cognitive development, and what happens?

Back 41

1-4 months; Eye-hand coordination develops; visual tracking of moving objects begins; able to localize
sounds

Front 42

What age does stage 3 consist of in Piaget's stages of cognitive development, and what happens?

Back 42

4-8 months; Imitation of sounds appears, reaches for
objects, anticipates path of a moving object

Front 43

What age does stage 4 consist of in Piaget's stages of cognitive development, and what happens?

Back 43

8-12 months; Anticipate events, means-end behavior;
increased imitation; knows an object exists
even when not in sight

Front 44

What age does stage 5 consist of in Piaget's stages of cognitive development, and what happens?

Back 44

12-18 months; Children experiment, explore, and use
established schemes or patterns of behavior to solve new problems

Front 45

What age does stage 6 consist of in Piaget's stages of cognitive development, and what happens?

Back 45

18-24 months; Solve problems through thought, produce
labels for objects or actions, observe an action,
store it in memory, and reproduce this action
later

Front 46

_____ is an essential component in cognitive and language development

Back 46

Play

Front 47

Some of the most popular social interaction games (patty-cake, wave bye-bye, peek-a-boo, so-big, give kisses) are great games to play because they involve _____.

So-big example- "How big is baby?" baby lifts hand up and says "so big"

Back 47

Communication

Front 48

_____ + _____ contribute to child's early language comprehension

Back 48

Early games+ Linguistic labels

Front 49

_____ are defined as using a word to represent an entity or activity through language. (acting out, or using symbols).

Back 49

Symbolic functions

Front 50

Know:

True symbolic knowledge is when the child uses the word when the object is not in view.

-Ex: child says mommy when she's not in the room.

Back 50

Know

Front 51

Using a box or another item to represent a real object is an example of _____

Back 51

Symbolic functions

Front 52

_____ is when you separate an object from an immediate context

Back 52

decontextualize

Front 53

_____ is the beginning of the ability to decontextualize

Ex: A child will use a block as a phone. They will talk about the past or future, but not about what is going on at the current moment.

Back 53

Pretend symbolic play

Front 54

Symbolic or Pretend play

at _____ months, play frequently includes banging, putting one thing in another and some activities with dolls and stuffed toys

**This is more pretend than symbolic

Back 54

12 months

Front 55

Symbolic or Pretend play

at _____ months, play consists of familiar activities and things the child actually does

Back 55

18 months

Front 56

Symbolic or Pretend play

at _____ months, children's play entails more complex sequences

Back 56

24 months

Front 57

Symbolic or Pretend play

at _____ months, children include props, which have roles

Back 57

24-30 months

Front 58

Symbolic or Pretend play

at _____ months, play widens to include familiar but less
frequently occurring events and activities

Back 58

30 months

Front 59

Symbolic or Pretend play

at _____ months, play becomes more complex, with activities consisting of multiple sequences and the use of language

Back 59

36 months (3 years)

Front 60

_____ skills of language impaired children, as
reflected in play behaviors, were significantly less complex and age-appropriate

Back 60

Cognitive

Front 61

The observation of young children's _____ may alert us to the possibility of difficulties in language development

Back 61

Play

Front 62

Toddlers are sometimes hard to understand because they don't produce the adult _____ with accuracy

A parent will know what their child is saying, but someone else will not

Back 62

Target words

Front 63

Know

Children show an early preference for a consonant-vowel shape

This results in pronouncing words without the final sound.

Toddlers prefer a pattern consistent with their native language.

Back 63

Know

Front 64

_____ means repetition

Back 64

Reduplication

Front 65

There is a difference between a child's speech and _____

Back 65

Adult pronunciation

Front 66

Know

Some of the phonological processes errors that children will make are :

Unstressed syllable deletion- nana for banana

Reduplication- dada for daddy

Final syllable deletion- bu for bus

Consonant cluster reduction- top for stop

Back 66

Know

Front 67

Know: Early childhood teacher need to have a good understanding of normative morpho-syntactic development regarding typical development

Back 67

Know

Front 68

Nana for banana is an example of _____

Back 68

unstressed syllable deletion

Front 69

dada for daddy is an example of _____

Back 69

Reduplication

Front 70

bu for bus is an example of _____

Back 70

Final syllable deletion

Front 71

Top for stop is an example of _____

Back 71

Consonant cluster reduction

Front 72

What age does stage 1 consist of in morphosyntactic development, and what happens?

Back 72

12-26 months; single word utterances and multiword communications that follow syntactic rules

Front 73

What age does stage 2 consist of in morphosyntactic development, and what happens?

Back 73

27-30 months; grammatical morphemes appear. Examples are ing, plurals, and possessives

Front 74

What age does stage 3 consist of in morphosyntactic development, and what happens?

Back 74

24-30 months; begin to produce negatives, imperatives, and interrogatives.

Front 75

What age does stage 4 consist of in morphosyntactic development, and what happens?

Back 75

35-40 months; complex structures emerge, children connect meaningful pairs of words which have some relationship

Front 76

_____ is the component of language that refers to meaning and the rules that govern the assignment of meaning to entities.

Back 76

Semantics

Front 77

True or false: Semantic development appears when children become aware that things have labels.

Example: Child says bottle

Back 77

True

Front 78

Vocabulary development begins at _____ and continues as the child becomes more semantically aware

Back 78

Birth

Front 79

When children develop a consistent connection between _____ and _____, it indicates semantic awareness

Back 79

word and thing

Front 80

Children's early word production errors are the lack or correlation between the child's _____and adults _____ of these words.

Back 80

Meanings and use

Front 81

Children form ideas or hypothesis about _____

Back 81

Meaning

Front 82

Their hypothesis can lead to _____, which is using the same word for objects that look similar. This results from not knowing the correct word.

Back 82

over generalization

Front 83

Word meanings develop over time through _____ and growing _____ of the world.

Back 83

experience and knowledge

Front 84

Children's receptive vocabulary (words they hear and understand) is often much _____ than their expressive vocabulary (words they can produce and use).

Back 84

Larger

Front 85

Infants are capable of producing _____ communication to indicate their needs and wants

Back 85

Intentional

Front 86

Early _____ provide a picture of the toddler's mental representations long before he/she can produce the words.

Back 86

Gestures

Front 87

Toddlers produce more ______ than older children.

Back 87

Gestures

Front 88

The use of gestures is an indication of children's _____ language skills.

Back 88

prelinguistic (before verbal language emerges)

Front 89

_____ is to obtain a goal or satisfy a need

Back 89

Instrumental function

Ex: pointing at crackers

Front 90

_____is to control another person's behavior

Back 90

Regulatory function

Front 91

_____ is to obtain joint attention (mom and child communication)

Ex: social function

Back 91

Interaction function

Front 92

_____ is to express feelings or attitudes.

Back 92

Personal function

Front 93

At what age do communicative events start to appear

Back 93

1-2 years

Front 94

_____ is gaining attention, requests, and calling

Back 94

Regulatory intent

Front 95

_____ is naming, describing, and giving information beyond here and now

Back 95

Statement intent

Front 96

_____ are descriptions of activities.

Back 96

Exchange intent

Front 97

_____ is refusal or protest

Back 97

Intent to act or not

Front 98

_____ is imitation, answer, conversational responses, or questions

Back 98

Conversational intent

Front 99

_____ are when the speaker's intent results in the actions of another person.

Examples:
-Greetings- Hi
-Promise- I promise to eat my peas
-Request- Gimme Cookie
- Indirect request- Can I have a cookie?
- Complaint- Why can't I help?
-Invitation- Come play with me
- Refusal- No, wanna go to bed.

Back 99

Speech acts

Front 100

Cultural differences may appear in _____ and _____

Back 100

Play and social interactions

Front 101

Differences in language can be related to _____

Back 101

Social economic status

Front 102

True or false: There seems to be a difference in the ability to learn novel word meanings because of cultural or socioeconomic status

Back 102

False

Front 103

True or false: children from low SES homes must work harder in preschool and the primary grades to extend their language vocabularies.

Back 103

True

Front 104

Know: Language differences must be recognized as differences in acquiring and using language.

Differences do not imply a language disorder or a lack of intelligence

Back 104

Know

Front 105

_____ infants and toddlers do not have a disability, but the environment or home may make them at risk.

Back 105

At risk

Front 106

_____ are those who do not attain developmental milestones at the expected times.

Back 106

At risk

Front 107

_____ provides practice for the production of speech sounds and words

Back 107

Babbling

Front 108

_____ between an adult and a child is the basis for word learning

Back 108

Joint eye contact

Front 109

Infants and toddlers at risk will only have a vocabulary of about _____ words at 24 months

Back 109

50 words

Front 110

True or false: It is best to err on the side of caution. Do not wait!

Back 110

True

Front 111

Know: Supporting infant language development

-Imitate the infant's production of sounds
-Play early social games such as peek-a-boo and patty-cake
-Use language to describe actions- yours and the infants
-Label things and actions as you are walking
-Talk about the sounds animals make
-Introduce book reading

Back 111

Know

Front 112

Know: Supporting toddler's language development

-Talk about what is going on around the toddler
-Point to things and talk about them, using simple words and short sentences
-Play with Rhyme
-Ask the toddler to point to pictures on things and name them
-Name things and ask the toddler to point to what you name
-Read stories with simple sentences and pictures that help the toddler associate words with things

Back 112

Know