Speech And Language

Front 1

The perceived instigator of action, typically animate with own motivation.

Back 1

Agentive

Front 2

The animate being affected by the state or action named by the verb.

Back 2

Dative

Front 3

The animate being who experience a given event, action, or mental disposition.

Back 3

Experiencer

Front 4

The object or being resulting from the action or state of the verb.

Back 4

Factitive

Front 5

The inanimate object or force involved in a casual mannar in the state or action named by the verb; the object brings about the process but is not the instigator.

Back 5

Instrumental

Front 6

The place, locus, or spatial orientation of the state, action, or process of the verb.

Back 6

Locative

Front 7

The animate or inanimate noun whose role in the state or action named by the verb depends on the meaning of the verb; the most semantically neutral case.

Back 7

Objective

Front 8

Lookie in the box-

Back 8

action –locative

Front 9

Mommy not happy-

Back 9

experience negation-state

Front 10

I kick him-

Back 10

agent-action-object

Front 11

Mean kitty-

Back 11

modifier-entity

Front 12

This mine car-

Back 12

demonstrative-possessor-possession

Front 13

Another baby-

Back 13

recurrence-entity

Front 14

Big baby cry-

Back 14

modifier-agent-action

Front 15

Put cup on table-

Back 15

action-object-locative

Front 16

Spoon in cup-

Back 16

entity-locative

Front 17

More jump -

Back 17

recurrence-action

Front 18

The boy is sitting on the chair.

Back 18

-Simple, active, declarative sentence.
-Determiner + noun + auxiliary + present participle + preposition + determiner + noun.

Front 19

That girl is my neighbor.

Back 19

-Simple, active, declarative sentence.
-Demonstrative adjective + noun + copula + possessive pronoun + noun.

Front 20

Exercising is good for the heart.

Back 20

-Simple, active, declarative sentence.
-Gerund + copula + adjective + preposition + determiner (article) + noun.

Front 21

I accidentally hit him with the ball.

Back 21

-Simple, active, declarative sentence.
-Personal, first person subjective pronoun + adverb + present tense verb + personal , third person objective pronoun + preposition + determiner + noun.

Front 22

She drew the picture carefully.

Back 22

-Simple, active, declarative sentence.
-Personal, third person, subjective pronoun + irregular past tense verb + determiner (article) + noun + adverb.

Front 23

Mary’s dress is very pretty!

Back 23

-Simple, active, exclamatory sentence.
-Proper noun functioning as a possessive adjective + noun + copula + adverb + adjective.

Front 24

Do you like to ski?

Back 24

-Simple, active, interrogative sentence.
-Auxiliary + subjective, second person pronoun + present tense verb + infinitive verb.

Front 25

The girl who lives here is friendly.

Back 25

-Complex, active, declarative sentence.
-Determiner (article) + noun + relative pronoun + regular 3rd person singular present tense verb + adverb + copula + adjective.

Front 26

Who will be going in your car?

Back 26

-Simple, active, interrogative sentence.
-Interrogative pronoun + auxiliary + auxiliary + future participle + preposition + possessive pronoun + noun.

Front 27

I like skating in the winter.

Back 27

-Simple, active, declarative sentence.
-Personal, first person subjective pronoun + present tense verb + gerund + preposition + determiner (article) + noun.

Front 28

The girl was chsaed by the dog.

Back 28

-Simple, passive, declarative sentence.
-Determiner + noun + auxiliary + regular past tense verb + preposition +determiner (article) + noun.

Front 29

She was running and he was jumping.

Back 29

-Compound, active, declarative sentence.
-Personal, third person pronoun + auxiliary + past participle + coordinating conjunction + personal, third person, subjective pronoun + auxiliary + past participle.

Front 30

Before you go outside, put on your coat.

Back 30

-Complex, active, declarative sentence.
-Adverbial clause (consisting of a subordinating conjunction + personal, second person, subjective pronoun + verb + adverb) + verb + preposition + possessive pronoun + noun.

Front 31

Consists of primarily labels and descriptions of events or actions. There is no central theme or organization or plot.

Back 31

Heaps

Front 32

Consist of labeling event around a central theme, character, or setting. There is nothing that could be considered a plot. Things in a certain order but may not be cause and effect sequence.

Back 32

Sequence

Front 33

Central character, not a good strong plot, objective or event, theme, sequence

Back 33

Primitive Narrative

Front 34

Stories show some evidence of cause - effect and temporal relationships, but the plot is not strong and does not build on the attributes and motivations of characters.

Back 34

Chain Narrative

Front 35

Stories have a cetral theme, character, and plot. They include motivations behind the characters actions, as well as logical and temporally ordered sequences of events. The stories include at least five story grammar elements.

Back 35

True Narrative

Front 36

Behaviors observed in play
-Cognitive:
-Motor:
-Social/Emotional:
-Communicative:

Back 36

Cognitive: attention, imitation, schemas, symbolic thought, matching/ classification, grouping (food, colors, animals), sequencing, problem-solving
Motor: gross and fine motor, planning and sequencing
Social/Emotional: Separation, independence, relationships --> if they are older than 3 then they should be able to be concerned with other peoples happiness and not just theirs, temperament, organization, regulation
Communicative: all aspects of speech and language

Front 37

Typical Development (Stages of play)

Back 37

-Sensoimotor: 0-12 months
-Representational: 12-24 months
-Construction: 2years (building something)
-Symbolic Construction: 2-4 years
-Dramatic Play: 4-7 years
-Games with Rules: 5 years
Rough-housing: all ages

Front 38

-Play and language are both delayed for the child's age
-Language skills are higher than play behaviors
-Play skills are higher than language skills

Back 38

ATYPICAL play patterns

Front 39

-Toy selection is critical
-You must have a variety of toys that are age-appropiate
-The toys must be culturally appropiate
-The child must feel safe enough to engage in spontaneous play
-Observe communication during play
-Model more advances play and laguage behaviors

Back 39

Eliciting/Observing Play

Front 40

Pragmatic component of language development. Intensions expressed as gestures and vocalizations first, later with words and sentences. (requesting, greeting, protesting)

Back 40

Primitive Speech Acts

Front 41

Over restricted meaning that contains fewer exemplars than the adult meaning (ex. saying "cup" only in response to a "sippee cup" and not, for example, in response to a styrofoam cup. Common both receptively and expressively.

Back 41

Underextension

Front 42

Usually based on perceptual similarities. Can be categorical overinclusive ("dada" for "momma" or "baby" for all children), analogical ("ball" for any round object)

Back 42

Overextension

Front 43

Toddler - Cognitive

Back 43

-Representational play
-Recognizes pictures
-Knows shapes
-Matches
-Comprehends one and many Recognizes when a book is upside down
-Categorizes
-Creates representational art
-Symbolic play by 3 years, dramatic play by 5 years
-Accepts magic (Pre-operational stage) à Santa clause, tooth fairy
-Knows colors and shapes by 5 years
-Understands concepts of “two” and “three”
-Simple time concepts
-Recognizes part-whole relationships
-Counts to 10 by 5

Front 44

sleep schedule for infants

Back 44

regular schedule by 2-4 months

Front 45

infancy - motor

Back 45

see if they can tract something when you move it back and forth right in front of their eyes

Front 46

Develops grasp –

Back 46

mitten to pincer grasp by 8-10 months

Front 47

Rolls over

Back 47

-2-3 months tummy to back
-5-6 months back to tummy
-Sits unsupported- 6-7 months
-Crawls-9-10 months
-Walks- 10-14 months

Front 48

toddlers - motor 12-36 months

Back 48

-Wide-stance gait
-Will learn to run but has trouble stopping and turning
-Points/refining pincer grasp
-Simple puzzles
-Emerging- throw/kick a ball
-Walks up and down stairs with help
-“Dances”
-Muscles for potty training

Front 49

preschoolers - gross motor 36-60 months

Back 49

-Walks and runs smoothly, jumps and hops
-Walks up and down stairs without assistance
-Climbs
-Rides a tricycle
-Balances on one foot

Front 50

preschoolers - fine motor

Back 50

-Can copy block letters by 4 years
-Draws well, colors mostly in lines by 5 years
-Print simple words by 5 years
-Established hand preference by 5
-Dresses without assistance by 5

Front 51

-Infancy (0-12 months)

Back 51

-Cooing/gooing- 2-3 months
-True Smile- 2 months
-Vocal Play/QRNs- 2-6 months
-Babbling – 6-10 months
-PCFs- 10-12 months
-First True Words- 12 months

Front 52

-Toddlers
-12-18 months

Back 52

-Gestures
-Jargon: mixing up true words
-Expanding lexicon
-Concept formation
-Fast mapping
-Semantic Feature Hypothesis (based on static perceptual features)
-Functional Core Hypothesis (based on associated actions- functions)
-Prototypical Complex Hypothesis
-Overextension: calling all animals dogs
-Underextension: seeings a drinking cup and only associates cup with their sippy cup

Front 53

toddlers 18-24 months

Back 53

-Primitive speech acts (PSA)
-Referential vs. expressive style differences
-Substantive vs. relational words (beginnings of semantic categories)
-Two-word combinations (evidences semantic relations), know the locative, action, entity, modifiers, posessors
-Refers to self by name

Front 54

toddlers 24-36 months

Back 54

-Short, simple sentences
-Tries to “tell” experiences
-Early developing morphemes emerge

Front 55

preschool

Back 55

Intelligible speech by 4 years
-Functional core vocabulary- see handouts
-Development of deixis (here vs. there, go vs. come)
-Simple and complex sentences
-Know types of sentences and parts of speech (grammar review handout)

Front 56

deixis

Back 56

process of using the speakers perspective as a reference. for example, deixis can be seen in words such as (this, that, there, me, you, come, go)

Front 57

-Means-end:

Back 57

sort of a problem like something in their way that they have to crawl around, anything they have to problem solve. If you put something in a box and close it do they try and open the box. Do they have a means to get to the object in the end and if they cant do it by themselves but see if you do it first and if they can imitate their model

Front 58

-Sorts:

Back 58

see if they can sort different objects --> all the foods together, all the animals together

Front 59

Rituals and Games

Back 59

peek a boo

Front 60

Sensory-motor exploration:

Back 60

try and make something make noise, (giving them a piece of paper and they might crumble it)

Front 61

PCF

Back 61

words that aren’t close enough to be a real word but they use it consistently: do they have a name for their dog or a name for their bottle

Front 62

MLU

Back 62

mean length of utterance

Front 63

Phonolgical awareness

Back 63

4-5yrs aware of sounds within words, a very critical skill for literacy development and reading, not visual (stop à s, t, o, p) if they have this then they can learn to rhyme identify beginning and ending sounds

Front 64

PSA

Back 64

its functions of language, what is our intentions. Not what you say but it is more of why you are saying it, dog à I want you to look at the dog all of those are different speech acts and have different attentions underlying them.

Front 65

attends to object or event; adresses adult; awaits response; most often performs gesture

Back 65

Requesting action

Front 66

Attends to adult; adresses adult; resists are denies adults action

Back 66

protesting

Front 67

adresses adult; awaits response; may make gesture

Back 67

requesting answer

Front 68

attends to object or event; does not address adult; does not await response

Back 68

labeling

Front 69

attends preceding adult utterance; adresses adult

Back 69

answering

Front 70

attends to adult or object

Back 70

greeting

Front 71

attends to preceding adult utterance may not address adult, does not await response

Back 71

repeating

Front 72

attends to no specific object or event; does not address adult; does not await response

Back 72

practicing

Front 73

adresses adult by uttering adult's name loudly; awaits response

Back 73

calling

Front 74

my mommy goes car

Back 74

5

Front 75

see mommy

Back 75

2

Front 76

i going too

Back 76

4

Front 77

she ated the cookies

Back 77

6

Front 78

mine cookies too

Back 78

4

Front 79

i can't have more

Back 79

4

Front 80

you saw the big doggies outside

Back 80

7

Front 81

that one runs in this house

Back 81

7

Front 82

were not going in the house

Back 82

8

Front 83

-She walked very quickly "walked"

Back 83

regular past tense

Front 84

The dog barked very loudly "very

Back 84

adverb

Front 85

That is mine

Back 85

a demonstrative pronoun

Front 86

This is the dog that lives next to you "that"

Back 86

relative pronoun

Front 87

She is the girl who sits next to you "who"

Back 87

relative pronoun

Front 88

She is wearing a dress that has polka dots "that"

Back 88

relative pronoun

Front 89

She is pretty "is"

Back 89

copula

Front 90

Prototypical Complex Hypothesis

Back 90

they will develop words with association through a prototype (furniture à they think chair) (fruit - apple)

Front 91

Functional Core Hypothesis

Back 91

(based on associated actions- functions) à associate words together based on actions à these are things I eat or can run or I can throw or I use when I take a bath

Front 92

Semantic Feature Hypothesis

Back 92

(group things à based on static perceptual features) , dog and cow the same because they have four legs and a tail ( all things that have four legs are dogs

Front 93

Fast mapping

Back 93

looking in the environment to place with what something means

Front 94

No, no. no! (3 morphemes)

Back 94

Recurrences of words for emphasis

Front 95

Railroad, birthday

Back 95

Compound words

Front 96

Billy, Sue

Back 96

Proper nouns

Front 97

Night-night, choo-choo

Back 97

Ritualized reduplications

Front 98

Went, ate, got, came

Back 98

Irregular past tense verbs

Front 99

Daddie, doggie

Back 99

Diminutives

Front 100

Is, have, do, gonna, hafta

Back 100

Auxiliary verbs and catenatives

Front 101

Men, feet

Back 101

Irregular plurals

Front 102

Sam’s daddy’s

Back 102

Possessive nouns

Front 103

Doggies, kitties

Back 103

Plural nouns

Front 104

Walks, eats

Back 104

Third person singular, present tense verbs

Front 105

Walked, jumped

Back 105

Regular past tense verbs

Front 106

Walking, eating

Back 106

Present progressive verbs

Front 107

dont count as morphemes
-Dysfluencies, except for the most complete form
-fillers

Back 107

-C-c-candy, bab-baby
-Um-m, ah-h, oh

Front 108

continue to be expanded, strings of unintelligible speech mixed with true words, intonation

Back 108

Gestures

Front 109

sound like they are talking but it is gibberish, adult like intonational patterns

Back 109

Jargon

Front 110

expanding their vocabulary and once they have this their jargon is going to go away

Back 110

Expanding lexicon

Front 111

mommy driving

Back 111

present progressive -ing
(19-28)

Front 112

Ball in cup

Back 112

in (27-30)

Front 113

Doggie on sofa

Back 113

on (27-30)

Front 114

kitties eat my ice cream

Back 114

regular plural s (27-33)

Front 115

came, fell, broke, sat, went

Back 115

irregular past
(25-46)

Front 116

He is. (response to who is sick)

Back 116

uncontractable copula
(27-39)

Front 117

I "see" a kitty.
I throw "the" ball to daddy.

Back 117

articles
(28-46)

Front 118

Mommy "pulled" the wagon.

Back 118

regular past tense -ed
(26-48)

Front 119

Kathy hits.

Back 119

regular third person -s
(26-46)

Front 120

Does, has

Back 120

irregular third person
(28-50)

Front 121

Mommy's balloon broke.

Back 121

possessive's
(26-40)

Front 122

He is. (response to "who is wearing your hat?")

Back 122

uncontractable auxiliary
(29-48)

Front 123

Man's big.
Man is big.

Back 123

Contractable copula
(29-49)

Front 124

Daddy's drinking juice.
Daddy is drinking juice.

Back 124

Contractable auxillary
(30-50)

Front 125

Have you ever heard a child saying words and sentences over and over when he/she is playing by themselves (usually at bedtime, bathtime, or when engaged in solitary play)?

Back 125

practicing

Front 126

"The girl is hungry.

Back 126

An example of a sentence containing a copula
- A copula, also called state of being verb, stands alone in an utterance.

Front 127

"The dog is running."

Back 127

The auxiliary verb always accompanies a main verb (it's a helper to that verb). An example of a sentence containing an auxiliary verb is (in that sentence "is" is the auxiliary and "running" is the main verb).