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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is vital capacity?
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Vital capacity is the maximum amount of air a person can exhale from their lungs after maximum inhalation
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How is increased subglottal pressure associated with increased vocal intensity?
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When vocal intensity is increased, loudness is increased as well. In order to increase loudnes subglottal pressure must be increased
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What are damped vibrations?
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Resistive forces that cause amplitude vibrations to die out
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What is absolute threshold?
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The minimum stimulus that evokes a response in a specified fraction of the trails
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What is differential threshold?
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(or difference limen) the minimum change in a stimulus that can be correctly judged as different from a reference stimulus in a specified fraction of the trails
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When does categorical perception occur?
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when there is a sharp boundary in a labeling function accompanied by increased discrimination performance when sounds on either side of the boundary are compared
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What is the McGurk effect?
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When mouth movements effects what we hear. Visual and hearing conflict and what we see over rides what we hear
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What is Boyle's Law?
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For a fixed amount of an ideal gas kept at a fixed temperature, P [pressure] and V [volume] are inversely proportional (while one doubles, the other halves).
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What is place of articulation
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refers to the location of the sound's production, indicating the primary articulators that shape the sounds
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What is voicing
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refers to vocal fold vibrations during production of sound. Voiced sounds, such as /b/, are produced while vocal folds are vibrating
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What is manner of articulation
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refers to the degree or type of constriction of the vocal tract during consonant production.
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What is a sonorant
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a sound produced by by allowing air to stream pass relatively uninterrupted through the nasal or oral cavity. There is no stoppage or point of constriction
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How are stops produced?
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by complete constriction or closure of the vocal tract at some point, so the airflow is totally stopped. Stops include /p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/
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What defines an affricate?
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Affricates have both a fricative and a stop component. These sounds begin as stops and are released as fricatives
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How are back sounds produced?
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With the tongue retracted from the neutral schwa position
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How are dipthongs produced?
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they are produced as a slow gliding movement from one vowel to the adjacent vowel
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What are suprasegmentals
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features of prosody that add meaning, variety, and color to running speech
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What is rarefraction?
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the thinning of air molecules when the vibrating objects returns to equilibrium: it is the opposite of condensation. I like to think of it as a boom-a-rang
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What does dB stand for
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Decibel
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What is a dB
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A decibel is one tenth of a bel, and is used to measure sound intensity
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What is natural frequency?
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the frequency with which a source of sound normally vibrates. It is determined by the source's mass and stiffness
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What is the general rule for acoustically analyzing the production of a vowel?
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F1 varies mostly as a result of tongue height, and F2 varies mostly as a result of tongue advancement
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What is the lowest frequency of a periodic wave known as?
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The fundamental frequency or first harmonic
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What sounds are considered semivowels?
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/w/ and /j/
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What would /r/ and /l/ be categorized as?
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liquids
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