Speech 418 Test 1

Front 1

Describe Communication as Information Transfer

Back 1

Comm. is defined as “the exchange of information and the transmission of meaning” & “information engineering”

SMCR--Sender, Message, Channel, Reciever.

-process contains ambiguity because of a lack of non-verbal signals)

Front 2

Describe Communication as a Transactional Process

Back 2

---This approach highlights the importance of feedback. Especially non-verbal feedback. “you cannot not communicate”
---Also Reflects leadership, because people will follow what leaders say and DO.

Front 3

Describe Communication as Strategic Control

Back 3

“Strategic-control approach to communication states that people may have reasons for their behavior but cannot be expected to communicate in an objective or a rational way.”
--ALso you must be rehtorically sensitive, clear and assertive but understanding and fair.

Front 4

Decribe Communication as Balancing creativity & Constraint...Self, Other, Context. (WHAT DO CONSTRAINTS DO)

Back 4

Org comm. Is the “moment to moment working our of the tension or balance or creativity and constraint.
--

Front 5

Describe Organizations as Dialogues and what are the three Levels of Dialogue.

Back 5

1. Equitable Transaction: All participants have the right to voice their opinion and viewpoint.
2. Empathic Conversation: (put yourself in someone else’s shoes)
3. Real Meeting: Different peoples can effectively sit down and communicate

Front 6

Describe Historical and Metaphorical concepts of human behavior

Back 6

HISTORICAL: a product of the time that reflects the concerns and interests of the culture that produced it.

METAPHORICAL: it uses language to suggest enlightening comparisons between organizational communication and other processes.

Front 7

Explain what the 3 P's of historical writing are.

Back 7

1. Partial---There can never be a full account of history because history is partial.

-Partisan---writing is a
biased supporter of something

-problematic narratives are
Theoretical accounts ask more questions than they can answer.q

Front 8

Describe the classical approach to management,
-machine metaphor
-response to particularism
-division of labor
-hierarchy
-scientific management
-bureaucracy

Back 8

1. Organization is an efficent machine. The machine runs like clockwork
2. Authoritan and value based hierarchial organization. Labor is broken up on a hierarchial scale.
3. Bureaucracy is the dominant form of organizing.
--stability is best achieved by adherance to rules/regulations.

Front 9

Describe the Human Relations/Human Resources approach to management
-Sum of human relationships
-response to classical
-increased satisfaction for productivity

Back 9

-leads to improved productivity and efficiency.
-ROmantic ideals
-Ideal form of society is domocratic and values open and honest relationships.
-Division of labor is supported by open communication.
-Stability is achieved through relational and personal happiness.
-Dominant form of organizing, teams or groups within bureaucracies.

Front 10

Explain the Hawthorne Studies

Back 10

The Hawthorne Effect is---that increased attention raises productivity. (p.73 Hawthornes study)

Front 11

Describe Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Back 11

-Self actualization
--self-esteem
---Love
----Safety
-----Physiological

Front 12

Describe the Systems Perspective to managment

Back 12

The importance between a collection of parts versus a collection of parts that work together to create a functional whole. the functional whole is called a system. (the relationships of the people/things within the group are what define the system)

Front 13

What are the components to the Systems Approach

Back 13

Enviornment---enviornmental scanning
Interdependence
Goals
Feedback(positive/negative)
Openness---encourage
people to be mindful
of the importance of the overall health of their industry.

Contingency

Front 14

Describe Feedback and what positive and negative feedback is.

Back 14

Positive and negative feedback needs to be received to regulate the flow and interpretation of messages (A Thermostat)

--Positive Feedback> Info on how to improve the organization as a whole
--Negative Feedback> Cybernetics

Front 15

Describe the: New Science of Leadership...and the 6 points of New Science Leadership.

Back 15

Wheatley

--Argues the following 6 points:
1. There are no things in themselves. Everything interacts
2. information, not matter is the creative energy of the universe.
3. All living things are naturally engaged in self-renewal, organizations make creative use of their enviornments.
4. machinelike control in organizations is counterproductive.
5. What we call disorder is part of the natural process of order making
6. The desire to make meaning keeps humans in a constant tendency toward self-organization.

Front 16

Describe, Learning Organization...and the 5 featrues of a Learning Organization

Back 16

Senge

Believes in holism, Learning organizations show 5 features
1. Systems Thinking: for any one member to succeed all members must succeed
2. Personal Mastery. All memers share a personal commitment to learning
3. Felxible Mental models. patterns of belief that shape and limit an individuals interpretation and actions
4. A shared Vision... tight control is replaced by concertive control. all members share the same vision
5. Team Learning... team members communicate in ways that lead the team toward intelligent decisions.

Front 17

Describe Sense-Making Model and the three parts to it.

Back 17

Weick
---you must make sense of uncertainities in enviornments through interaction. "equivocality reduction"

Parts:
1. enactment
2. selection
3. retention
--enact the enviornment then select the best explanation of the enviorments meaning then successful interpretations are saved for later use.

Front 18

What is Retrospective sense making?

Back 18

Underlying factor in Weicks model:

people act first and then interpret their actions to justisfy their actions

Front 19

What is Partial Inclusion?

Back 19

Weick

--employees are only partially included in the workplace.(they have other obligations)

Front 20

What is Loose coupling?

Back 20

Weick

--The communication connections among people in organizations vary intensity and are often loose or weak. (parts of the company that are not tightly connected to one another such as a university are more stable)

Front 21

Define Assimilation

Back 21

Is the process where people become accustomed to the values, rules, and normality’s through time and thus become a member of that community.

Front 22

What are the three steps to Assimilation?

Back 22

1. Anticipatory socialization

2. organizational assimilation

3.organizational turning points (points that can make or break the work experince)

Front 23

What is Anticipatory Socialization?

Back 23

People learn about the work through dialogue with other workers. 2 types Vocational and Organizational.

1. vocational---learning job titles
2. Organizational--learning about the jobs

Front 24

What is Organizational Assimilation?

Back 24

Involves surprise and sense making. When new comers simply learn the ropes of their company.

Front 25

What at the 3 levels of Job satisfaction?

Back 25

1. safe working conditions
2. supportive interpersonal enviornment
3. opportunities for personal growth A career path or promotions.

Front 26

Describe employee Productivity...

Back 26

Productivity is the most important indicator of cooperatoin. the ability to turn input into output quickly. Manager employee interaction can lead to better productivity.

Front 27

Stress and six sources of stress

Back 27

1. Culture shock
2. The challenge of diversity
3. Bias, discrimination, prejudice
4. language
5. customs and taboos
6. physical stress

Front 28

Three Dimensions of Jobs that create stress

Back 28

1. Workload
2. Role uncertainity
3. Job Design...the quality of the work experience.

Front 29

Ways to improve the quality of life for employees

Back 29

1. Combine tasks
2. Form Natural work groups
3. Establish customer contact
4. Delegate decision making
5. open up feedback channels.