Speech

Front 1

The low position of the larynx is ideal for resonance. But why is this also problematic?

Back 1

choke on food, gag

Front 2

3 subdivisions of the anatomy of speech

Back 2

Respiratory, Larygneal, Articulatory/Resonating

Front 3

What are the 3 strucutres involved with resonance

Back 3

pharynx, oral cavity, nasal cavity

Front 4

3 parts of the pharynx that contribute to resonance

Back 4

nasopharynx, oropharynx, larygnopharynx

Front 5

5 components related to the larynx (voice box)

Back 5

hyoid, epiglottis, cricoid, thyroid cartilage, arytenoid cartilage

Front 6

importnat muscles related to larynx

Back 6

thyroarytenoid muscles

Front 7

TF "Speech" involves speech production while "Language" involves speech perception.

Back 7

False - Language = UNDERSTANDING; speech = production and perception

Front 8

TF Speech is both innate and learned

Back 8

true - born with cerebral cortex; learn by mimicry

Front 9

What part of the brain (rostral, caudal, ventral, or dorsal) is invoved in speech production?

Back 9

rostral

Front 10

Stages of language acquisition: smiles, coos, vowel-like sounds

Back 10

12 weeks (3 months)

Front 11

Stages of language acquisition: consonants, labial fricatives, spirants, nasals

Back 11

5 months

Front 12

Stages of language acquisition: one syllable (ma, da, di)

Back 12

6 months

Front 13

Stages of language acquisition: beginning of understanding. definite single words (mamma, dada)

Back 13

1 year

Front 14

Stages of language acquisition: 30-50 words used singly

Back 14

1.5 years

Front 15

Stages of language acquisition: 2 word phrases (50-100 words in vocab)

Back 15

2 years

Front 16

Stages of language acquisition: 3 words in many combos; functions begin to appear; many grammar errors; idiosyncratic expressions; good understanding of language

Back 16

2.5 years

Front 17

Stages of language acquisition: 3 words in many combos

Back 17

2.5 years

Front 18

Stages of language acquisition: functions begin to appear

Back 18

2.5 years

Front 19

Stages of language acquisition: many grammar errors; idiosyncratic expressions

Back 19

2.5 years

Front 20

Stages of language acquisition: good understanding of language starts

Back 20

2.5 years

Front 21

Stages of language acquisition: full sentences with few errors; 100 word vocab

Back 21

3 years

Front 22

Stages of language acquisition: close to adult speech competence

Back 22

4 years

Front 23

5 functional subsystem of motor speech

Back 23

respiration, phonation, resonance, articulation, suprasegmental characteristics

Front 24

TF When vocal folds are in position for phonation, the air stream causes the soft cover of the vocal folds to vibrate, forming speech.

Back 24

False - that just produces raw, unmodulated sound which is then filtered in the pharynx and oral cavity

Front 25

Disorders in what functional subsystem of motor speech cause hoarseness, breathy voice, pitch/loudness failures

Back 25

phonation

Front 26

Disorders in what functional subsystem of motor speech disrupt the oral-nasal balance of speech? 2 e.g.

Back 26

resonance; cleft palate and H/N cancers

Front 27

Disorders of articulation are caused by...(3) trt?

Back 27

malocclusions, cleft palate, partial tongue resections; orhto/prostho

Front 28

Disorders in what functional subsystem of motor speech cause problems in fluency like stutters/clutters?

Back 28

Suprasegmental charachteristics

Front 29

main structure that affects resonance

Back 29

pharynx

Front 30

how do we make n or m sounds

Back 30

velopharyneal sphincter is opened by lowering the soft palate (velum) so sound emanates from nose; velum is elevated to make all oral sounds tho

Front 31

What would velopharyngeal insufficiency cause?

Back 31

hypernasality

Front 32

2 treatments for velopharygneal insufficiency?

Back 32

speech bulb pros (fills soft palate opening); palatal lift pros

Front 33

Which strucutre acts as both an active and passive articulator?

Back 33

soft palate

Front 34

Are consonants or vowels more affected by pros/ortho

Back 34

consonants

Front 35

7 classes of consonants

Back 35

plosives, fricatives, nasals, retroflexes, laterals, affricates, and approximates

Front 36

Consonant class: p, t, k, b, d, g

Back 36

plosives

Front 37

Consonant class: f, v, th, s, z, sh, zh

Back 37

fricatives

Front 38

Consonant class: air stream forced through constriction, causing turbulent, noisy airflow

Back 38

fricatives

Front 39

Consonant class: m, n, ng

Back 39

nasals

Front 40

Consonant class: r

Back 40

retroflexes [RRRRRRRR]

Front 41

Consonant class: tip of tongue is bent backwards

Back 41

Retroflexes [RRRRRRRR]

Front 42

Consonant class: L

Back 42

Laterals [L]

Front 43

Consonant class: body of tongue raised so accelerated airflow passes around

Back 43

Laterals [L]

Front 44

Consonant class: combo of plosives and fricatives

Back 44

affricates [bombs over africa]

Front 45

Consonant class: ts

Back 45

affricates [bombs over africa, shotsss fired]

Front 46

Consonant class: w, j

Back 46

approximates

Front 47

Consonant class: sounds similar to vowels

Back 47

approximates

Front 48

Are consonants or vowels produced with diff. degrees of tongue elevation, jaw opening and lip rounding?

Back 48

vowels

Front 49

TF ALL syllables are constructed around vowels

Back 49

true - born with cerebral cortex; learn by mimicry

Front 50

words per min, syllables per second in adult

Back 50

250 wpm; 5 syllables/sec

Front 51

which muscles control pitch

Back 51

cricothyroid and thyroarytenoid (vocalis) muscles

Front 52

Vocal folds are controlled by what muscles

Back 52

laryngeal muscles

Front 53

How are voiced sounds produced?

Back 53

raising air presure in lungs and forcing air to flow through glottis causing vocal cords to vibrate

Front 54

Where do motorneurons for respiration lie?

Back 54

spinal cord

Front 55

Where do motorneurons for glottal closure lie?

Back 55

nucleus ambiguus

Front 56

Where do motorneurons for articulatory movemnts found?

Back 56

5, 7, 12, nuclueus ambiguus, cervical SC

Front 57

Range of efferent vocalization pathway

Back 57

pons to SC

Front 58

Rapid speech devoid of content is what type of aphasia?

Back 58

Wernicke's aphasia

Front 59

type of aphasia: loss of comprehension

Back 59

Wernicke's aphasia

Front 60

type of aphasia: slow, labored speech

Back 60

Broca's aphasia

Front 61

type of aphasia: crude articulation

Back 61

Broca's aphasia

Front 62

type of aphasia: loss of fluency

Back 62

broca's aphasia

Front 63

type of aphasia: alexia, agraphia

Back 63

Wernicke's aphasia

Front 64

type of aphasia: inability to repeat complex words

Back 64

broca's aphasia

Front 65

type of aphasia: impaired (not loss) of comprehension

Back 65

broca's aphasia

Front 66

TF Only rarely does damage to the left hemisphere cause language disorder.

Back 66

FALSE - LANGUAGE = LEFT SIDE. 97% of ppl with language disorders have left side lesion

Front 67

When in the pregnancy does the cleft palate disorder usually develop

Back 67

4-12 weeks

Front 68

Types of speech affected by cleft palate

Back 68

glottal, pharyngeal speech error; velopharyngeal closure

Front 69

Which class of occlusion can cause problems cu lips cant close fast enough

Back 69

class II