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35 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
How can we get oriented to exceptionality and special ed.?
· exceptionality involves similarities & differences

· reasons for optimism such as better treatment & education

· abilities & disabilities must be recognized

· disability = inability to do something; handicap is a limitation imposed on someone

· all disabilities are inabilities; not all inabilities are disabilities
What is the educational definition of “exceptional learners”?
exceptional learners require special ed. to reach full potential
What is the prevalence of exceptional learners?
12-18%
What is the definition of special education
specially designed instruction that meets unique needs of child w/ disability
How is special ed. provided?
Varies depending on how much student differs from average students and school &community resources
different placement options include
i. gen. ed. placement w/ teacher making accommodations

ii. gen. ed. w/ consultation

iii. itinerant services from specialist

iv. resource rooms

v. special self-contained classes

vi. special day school

vii. hospital or homebound instruction

viii. residential schooling
What are teachers’ roles in special ed.?
· be prepared to work w/ exceptional learners

· relationship between gen. & special ed. is becoming closer

· at-risk students are becoming increasingly important issue

· inclusion is a controversial and important issue
What are the origins of special ed.?
· became common in institutions and major cities’ public ed. in 19th century

· physicians & psychologists played important role

· Council for Exceptional Children and parent & professional organizations formed in 20th century
What legislation and litigation have affected special ed.?
· primary federal law is IDEA

· ADA prohibits discrimination against persons w/ disabilities in employment & communications

· NCLB in 21st century played important role

· some parents sue to keep children from being identified for special ed. or have them in less atypical educational situations; others sue because they want their children to be identified for special ed. or placed in more specialized environments
How is the intent of special ed. law implemented in individualized education for students w/ disabilities?
· primary concern - every child w/ disability be given a free, appropriate public education
· Down Syndrome
condition resulting from an abnormality w/ 21st pair of chromosomes; characterized by intellectual disability and such physical signs as slanted-appearing eyes, hypotonia, a single palmar crease, shortness, and a tendency toward obesity
· Muscular Dystrophy
a hereditary disease characterized by progressive weakness caused by degeneration of muscle fibers
Disability versus Handicap
disability is an inability to do something; handicap is a disadvantage imposed on someone
Exceptional Learners
those who require special education & related services if they are to realize their full human potential
Autism Spectrum Disorder
developmental disability characterized by extreme withdrawal, cognitive deficits, language disorders, self-stimulation, and onset before the age of thirty months
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
injury to the brain resulting in total or partial disability or psychosocial maladjustment that affects educational performance
Expectations for All Educators
1. make maximum effort to accommodate individual students’ needs

2. evaluate academic abilities and disabilities

3. refer for evaluation

4. participate in eligibility conferences

5. participate in writing IEPs

6. communicate w/ parents or guardians

7. participate in due process hearings and negotiations

8. collaborate w/ other professionals to maximize students’ abilities
Hudson v. Rowley
case of Amy Rowley - a child who was deaf; court’s decision was that appropriate education for a deaf child w/ disability does not necessarily mean education that will produce the max. possible achievement
Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP)
mandated plan to provide services for young children w/ disabilities and their families
LRE
Least Restrictive Environment
ROP
Retinopathy of Prematurity
TBI
Traumatic Brain Injury
IEP
Individualized Education Plan
PKU
Phenylketonuria
IDEA
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
NCLB
No child left behind
IFSP
Individualized Family Service Plan
ADA
Americans With Disabilities Act
Normalization:
philosophical belief in special ed. that every individual, even the most disabled, should have an educational and living environment as close to normal as possible
· Deinstitutionalization
social movement in 60s and 70s whereby large numbers of persons w/ intellectual disabilities and/or mental illness were moved from large mental institutions into smaller community homes or homes of their family
Job Coach
person who assists adult workers w/ disabilities, providing vocational assessment, instruction, overall planning, and interaction assistance w/ employers, family, and related government and service agencies
Self Determination
ability to make personal choices, regulate one’s own life, and be a self advocate
Universal Design
design of new buildings and tools to make them usable by the widest possible population of potential users
UDL
Universal Design For Learning
Universal Design For Learning
designing lessons that are appropriate for all learners