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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
rheumatic fever is caused by ___ after ___ caused by ___ aka ___
|
autoimmune reaction
pharyngitis group A streptococcus S. pyogenes |
|
T/F: GAS infections of other parts of the body can cause rheumatic fever.
|
false
|
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manifestations of RF (5)
|
carditis
migratory polyarthritis subcutaneous nodules erythema marginatum sydenham chorea |
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any ___ of the manifestations are sufficient to diagnose RF. the last ___ of them are always reversible
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2
4 |
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the layers of the heart potentially involved in RF are ___
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all of them
|
|
the active phase of RF is characterized by ___ necrosis with a lesion called ___
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fibrinoid
Aschoff body |
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an Aschoff body contains a ___ focus surrounded by ___ (4)
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fibrinoid
lymphocytes plasma cells macrophages multinuclear histiocytes |
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the plumped macrophages in an Aschoff body are called ___ aka ___. They have ___ cytoplasm with ___ in the nucleus.
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Anitschkow cells
caterpillar cells amphiphillic ribbon-like clumping of chromatin |
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the amphiphilia of Anitschkow cells is due to ___
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high levels of mRNA
|
|
valvular vegetations in RF are called ___ and are usually located ___. They are made of ___
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verrucae
on free edge of valve leaflet fibrinous exudate |
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MacCallum plaques are ___ usually located in ___, and are caused by ___
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subendocardial thickenings
left atrium regurgitant jets |
|
functionally, RF myocarditis is usually ___
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reversible
|
|
RF pericarditis is ___ous, and called ___. it usually ___s
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fibrin
bread and butter resolves without sequelae |
|
____ alone is deformed in ___% of RF, causing ___. that and ___ are deformed in ___% of RF.
|
mitral valve
65-70 MV stenosis aortic valve 25 |
|
after ___, the deformity is called rheumatic heart disease
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valve is irreversibly damaged
|
|
normal diameter of mitral valve is ___. mild stenosis is ___, moderate stenosis is ___ and severe is ___.
|
3-5 cm
2-2.5 1-1.5 <1 |
|
RHD features (3)
these can progress to ___ |
leaflet thickening
commisural fusion shortening & thickening of chordae tendinae fishmouth defomity |
|
T/F: Aschoff bodies are not present during chronic phase
|
true
|
|
a normal valve leaflet is ___ but during RHD, it becomes ___
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avascular
vascular |
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mitral stenosis can cause ___ (4)
|
LA enlargement
hourglass appearance of heart pulmonary congestion RVH |
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___% of mitral stenosis is caused by RHD
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95
|
|
top 5 other causes of mitral stenosis
|
radiation therapy
massive mitral annular calcification rheumatoid arthritis SLE antiphospholipid syndrome |
|
the autoimmune reaction is a ___ hypersensitivity. it is due to Abs against streptococcal ___ cross reacting with ___ (4)
|
type II
M protein myosin vimentin basement membrane elastin |
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only ___% of GAS infections trigger RF. hypersensitivity may be due to predisposition caused by ___, specifically ___.
|
3
MHC class II HLA DR 4 |
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___% of patients die from first RF attack. other effects include predisposition for ___
|
1
infective endocarditis |