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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Vision
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- light and focusing - photoreceptors - visual processing and pathways |
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Eye vascular layer
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- choroid - iris |
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Retina
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- sensory layer - blocks light - contains photoreceptors |
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Lens -
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- bends light to converge on a single point
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Lens condition in close vision
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- accommodation where lens bulges - constriction with the reduction of pupil size - medial movement of the eyeballs |
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Rods
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- detect black and white - highly sensitive to light |
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COnes
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- detect color vision
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Parts of rods and cones
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outer segment, inner segment, visual pigments
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Inner segments
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- pump out Na+ to mitochondria
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Visual pigments
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- where light absorption occurs
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Retinal in visual pigment
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- light absorbing molecule
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Opsins
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- protein that determines the wavelength retinal absorbs
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Rhodopsin
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- retinal +opsin - accumulates in the dark - absorbs light |
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When retinal is bound to opsin
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- Na and Ca channels open - membrane depolarized at 40mV - neurotransmitter released |
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Transducin
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- rhopsodin activates this protein
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Steps of reactions in rhopsodin
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- rhopsodin activates transducin - transducing activates PDE - PDE removes cGMP and closes Na channels - membrane repolarizes and Na and Ca channels close |
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Dark
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- rods become uninhibited - cones reduce in function |
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Light |
- sensitivity to light decreases - rods bleached |
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Myopia
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- focal point in front of retina |
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Hyperopia
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- objects focused behind the retina
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Astigmatism
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- irregular lens - blurry vision |
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Hearing
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- cochlear duct provides the sense of hearing |
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Frequency
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- determined by which parts of the cochlear duct is stimulated
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Volume
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- determined by how many hair cells are affected
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