Special Senses

Front 1

Name the layers of olfactory organs

Back 1

Olfactory epithelium and lamina propria

Front 2

Give the olfactory pathway

Back 2

Sensory neurons➡olfactory epithelium in cribriform plate➡olfactory bulb➡olfactory tract➡olfactory cortex➡hypothalamus (limbic system)

Front 3

Name the different taste receptors

Back 3

Vallate papillae

Fungiform papillae

Filliform papillae

Front 4

Which if the three taste receptors on the tongue has no taste buds? What us it's purpose?

Back 4

Filliform papillae

It provides friction

Front 5

List the order from the anterior to posterior to of where taste sensations are recognised on the tongue

Back 5

Sweet salty bitter sour

Front 6

How many days do gustatory cells survive?

Back 6

10 days

Front 7

List the cranial nerves involved in taste

Back 7

Facial, glassopharyngeal, and vagus

Front 8

Nane the three regions of the ear

Back 8

Outer, middle and inner

Front 9

Give the function of the outer ear

Back 9

Directs sound waves towards the middle ear

Front 10

Name the parts if th outer ear

Back 10

Auricle (elastic cartilage)

External acoustic meatus (has ceruminous glands which produces cerumen that keeps foreign objects from getting deeper

Tympanic membrane lies at the end of external acoustic meatus and separates outer ear from middle ear

Front 11

Describe the middle ear

Back 11

Air full tube connected to the pharynx by the auditory tube

Front 12

What is the function of the auditory tube

Back 12

Connects middle ear to pharynx

Equalizes the pressure on either side of the Tympanic membrane

Front 13

Name the three auditory ossicles

Back 13

Malleus, incus, stapes

Front 14

The inner ear s divided into:

Back 14

The bony and membranous labyrinth

Front 15

Give the function ion if and parts of the bony labyrinth

Back 15

Protects the membranous labyrinth

Semicircular canals

Vestibule

Cochlea

Front 16

Membranous labyrinth

Back 16

Fluid filled tubes and chambers that house receptors for hearing and equilibrium

Front 17

Crista

Back 17

Area of the ampulla that has receptors. Each crista is bound to a cupula

Front 18

Sound pathway

Back 18

Sound waves➡external acoustic meatus➡Tympanic membrane➡auditory ossicles➡oval window➡pressure waves in perilymph➡distortion if hair cells in tectorial membrane➡cochlear nerves

Front 19

Palprebral fissure

Back 19

Gap separating j the free margin of the eyelid

Front 20

Tarsal gland

Back 20

Secretes fluid that prevents eyelids form sticking to each other

Front 21

Conjunctiva

Back 21

Thin mucous membrane that lines the inner eyelids and us reflected on the anterior surface of the sclera.

Front 22

Purpose of tears

Back 22

Provide nutrients and oxygen to corneal cells

Lubricate the eyes

Antimicrobial lysozymes

Front 23

Layers if the eye

Back 23

Fibrous

Vascular

Inner

Front 24

Fibrous layer of eye

Back 24

Outer coat of the eyeball

Sclera white of the eye

Cornea

Front 25

Conjunctivitis (pink eye)

Back 25

Results from damage to, and irritation if the conjunctival surface

Front 26

Choroid

Back 26

Part of vascular layer of eye

Absorbs light so that it isn't reflected inside the eye

Front 27

Iris

Back 27

In vascular layer of eye

Changes the shape of the pupil

Front 28

Visual pathway

Back 28

Photo receptors in retina(rods and cones➡bipolar cells➡ganglion cells➡optic nerve

Front 29

Accommodation

Back 29

Changing of the shape of the lens in eye to keep focal distance constant

Front 30

Near point of vision

Back 30

Minimum distance from the eye that an object can be clearly seen

Front 31

Optic disc

Back 31

Where the optic nerve leaves the eye

Front 32

Transduction

Back 32

Absorption of light by visual pigments in rods and cones which is then converted into graded potential

Front 33

Visual pathway

Back 33

Photo receptors➡bipolar neurons➡ganglion neuron➡optic nerve➡optic chiasm➡optic tract➡thalamus➡occipital lobe

Front 34

Depth perception

Back 34

Interpretation of 3 - dimensional relationships of objects in view

Front 35

Emmetropia

Back 35

Normal vision:when cilia muscle is relaxed in the normal eye the lens is flattened. Distance images are always focused on the retina surface

Front 36

Myopia(nearsightedness)

Back 36

Eyeball is too long. Can't focus on distant objects, corrected by concave lens

Front 37

Hyperopia (farsightedness)

Back 37

Corrected by convex lens eyeball too short or lens too flat

Front 38

Vertigo

Back 38

Illusion of movement. Caused by conditions, that alter the function of th inner ear receptor complex

Front 39

Blepharitis

Back 39

Inflammation of the eyelid

Front 40

Glaucoma

Back 40

Abnormally high intra ocular pressure from build up of aqueous humor, which destroys neurons of the retina. Second most common cause of blindness especially in the elderly

Front 41

Meniere's syndrome

Back 41

Too much endolymph, may cause deafness and loss of equilibrium

Front 42

Visual acuity

Back 42

Refers to the Sharpness or clarity of vision

Tested using Snelling chart.

Front 43

Astigmatism

Back 43

Eye disorder where the lens or cornea are abnormally shaped resulting in out-of-focus vision