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143 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Olfactory-smell CN #1 |
Pathway of olfactory- receptors-CN#1-olfactory bulb-olfactory tract-olfactory cortex
* only sensory that reaches cerebral cortex |
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Gustation;CN #7,9,10 facial,glossopharyngeal,vagus |
Facial: anterior 2/3 tongue Glossopharyngeal: posterior tongue Vagus: surface of the epiglottis |
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Gustatory pathways |
Gustatory receptors-CN7,9,10-solitary of the medulla oblongata-thalamus-gustatory cortex,limbic system & hypothalamus |
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Sensory input from CN1 & V trigeminal |
Affect taste perception (texture,temperature) |
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Primary taste |
Sweet,sour,salty,bitter,umami |
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Gustatory is what receptor |
Chemoreceptors |
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Structures of the eye |
Medial and lateral canthus, lacrimal caruncle,conjunctiva |
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Path of tears |
Lacrimal glands-lacrimal canaliculu-lacrimal sac-nasolacrimal duct |
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The anterior part of the eye is filled with what? |
Aqueous humor |
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Aqueous humor is produced by |
Ciliary processes and drained by the scleral venous sinus |
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Posterior cavity is filled with? |
Vitreous body; it is not replaced |
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Posterior cavity is filled with? |
Vitreous body; it is not replaced |
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The eye has three layers which are... |
Fibrous layer; sclera (white of the eye) & cornea Vascular layer; Uvea (iris,ciliary body, choroid Iris: pigmented color |
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Posterior cavity is filled with? |
Vitreous body; it is not replaced |
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The eye has three layers which are... |
Fibrous layer; sclera (white of the eye) & cornea Vascular layer; Uvea (iris,ciliary body, choroid Iris: pigmented color |
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Pupillary dilator (radial) & constrictor (sphincter) muscles changes the size of the pupil resolving in either which SNS? |
Sympathetic activation contract dilator muscles. Parasympathetic activation contract constrictor muscles |
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Lens are attached by |
Ciliary muscle by suspensory ligament |
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Lens are attached by |
Ciliary muscle by suspensory ligament |
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Lens is made by |
Crystallins |
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Lens are attached by |
Ciliary muscle by suspensory ligament |
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Lens is made by |
Crystallins |
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In the retina the macula has |
No rods |
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Lens are attached by |
Ciliary muscle by suspensory ligament |
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Lens is made by |
Crystallins |
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In the retina the macula has |
No rods |
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In the retina the Fovea the highest... |
Cone concentration with the sharpest vision |
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Lens are attached by |
Ciliary muscle by suspensory ligament |
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Lens is made by |
Crystallins |
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In the retina the macula has |
No rods |
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In the retina the Fovea the highest... |
Cone concentration with the sharpest vision |
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Optic disc/blind spot has no |
Photoreceptors |
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Refraction occurs |
When light transition from one medium to another (air, cornea,aqueous humor,lens, vitreous body) |
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Refraction occurs |
When light transition from one medium to another (air, cornea,aqueous humor,lens, vitreous body) |
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During accommodation |
The lens changes shape to give clear vision |
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Refraction occurs |
When light transition from one medium to another (air, cornea,aqueous humor,lens, vitreous body) |
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During accommodation |
The lens changes shape to give clear vision |
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Normal vision is |
Emmetropia |
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Refraction occurs |
When light transition from one medium to another (air, cornea,aqueous humor,lens, vitreous body) |
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During accommodation |
The lens changes shape to give clear vision |
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Normal vision is |
Emmetropia |
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Near sided is |
Myopia |
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Refraction occurs |
When light transition from one medium to another (air, cornea,aqueous humor,lens, vitreous body) |
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During accommodation |
The lens changes shape to give clear vision |
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Normal vision is |
Emmetropia |
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Near sided is |
Myopia |
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Far sided |
Hyperopia |
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LASIK |
Laser eye surgery |
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Photoreception rods are |
Highly sensitive to light (dim light) |
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Photoreception rods are |
Highly sensitive to light (dim light) |
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Comes give us |
Color vision under intense light |
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Visual pigments (rhodopsin) in cones detect different wavelengths of light |
Red,blue,green TRICHROMAT |
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Visual pigments (rhodopsin) in cones detect different wavelengths of light |
Red,blue,green TRICHROMAT |
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When all three cones are stimulated or rods only |
White light (colorblind) |
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Visual pigments (rhodopsin) in cones detect different wavelengths of light |
Red,blue,green TRICHROMAT |
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When all three cones are stimulated or rods only |
White light (colorblind) |
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Bleaching |
Ghost image; after exposure to light like taking a photo the flash |
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Visual pathways |
Photoreceptors-bipolar cells-ganglion cells-CN2 optic nerve-optic chasm-optic tract-thalamus-optic radiation-visual cortex |
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Ear anatomy; external ear |
Auricle-external acoustic meatus-tympanic membrane |
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Ear anatomy; external ear |
Auricle-external acoustic meatus-tympanic membrane |
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Middle ear contains |
Auditory tube-auditory ossicles(malleus,incus,stapes)-tensor tympani,stapedius muscles |
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Inner ear |
Bony labyrinth(vestibule,semicircular canals,cochlea) surrounded by the temporal bone |
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Inner ear |
Bony labyrinth(vestibule,semicircular canals,cochlea) surrounded by the temporal bone |
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The round window & oval window is near |
The base of the cochlear spiral on the walls of the bony labyrinth |
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Inner ear |
Bony labyrinth(vestibule,semicircular canals,cochlea) surrounded by the temporal bone |
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The round window & oval window is near |
The base of the cochlear spiral on the walls of the bony labyrinth |
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Membranous labyrinth is filled with |
Endolymph |
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Inner ear |
Bony labyrinth(vestibule,semicircular canals,cochlea) surrounded by the temporal bone |
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The round window & oval window is near |
The base of the cochlear spiral on the walls of the bony labyrinth |
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Membranous labyrinth is filled with |
Endolymph |
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The bony labyrinth is surrounded by what fluid |
Perilymph |
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Equilibrium contains |
Semi circular canals enclosed with semicircular ducts (anterior,lateral,posterior) which detects rotational movement |
Semicircular ducts (anterior,lateral,posterior) |
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Ampulla |
Is an expanded base of a semicircular duct |
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Equilibrium contains |
Semi circular canals enclosed with semicircular ducts (anterior,lateral,posterior) which detects rotational movement |
Semicircular ducts (anterior,lateral,posterior) |
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Ampulla |
Is an expanded base of a semicircular duct |
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Crista ampullaris |
An area within the wall of ampulla that contains the sensory receptors (hair cells) |
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Gelatinous cupola caps the |
Crista ampullaris |
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Equilibrium pathways |
Hair cells-sensory neurons-vestibular cochlear CN 8-vestibular nucleus at pons/medulla-cerebellum-cerebral cortex & reflexive motor commands to cranial nerves and spinal cord |
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Hearing; auditory ossicles convey the vibration of the tympanic membrane to the |
Oval window of the cochlear and to the perilymph inside the cochlea |
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Spiral organ sits on |
Basilar membrane and houses the hair cells |
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Hearing process |
Pressure waves of the perilymph created by the movement of the oval window moves the basilar membrane up and down and press and distort the hair cells against the tectorial membrane |
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Hypothalamus secretes |
ADH & OXT controlling anterior pituitary. Derived by hypophyseal portal system |
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Hypothalamus secretes |
ADH & OXT controlling anterior pituitary. Derived by hypophyseal portal system |
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Pituitary gland secretes |
OXT & ADH which is made in the hypothalamus |
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Hypothalamus secretes |
ADH & OXT controlling anterior pituitary. Derived by hypophyseal portal system |
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Pituitary gland secretes |
OXT & ADH which is made in the hypothalamus |
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Pituitary gland anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) |
Secreting TSH,ACTH,FSH,LH,PRL,GH,MSH |
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Hypothalamus secretes |
ADH & OXT controlling anterior pituitary. Derived by hypophyseal portal system |
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Pituitary gland secretes |
OXT & ADH which is made in the hypothalamus |
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Pituitary gland anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) |
Secreting TSH,ACTH,FSH,LH,PRL,GH,MSH |
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Lack of ADH (Posterior lobe) |
Diabetes insipidus; impaired water absorption in the kidneys |
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Inadequate GH during childhood |
Pituitary dwarfism |
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Inadequate GH during childhood |
Pituitary dwarfism |
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Over Secretion of GH during childhood |
Gigantism |
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Inadequate GH during childhood |
Pituitary dwarfism |
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Over Secretion of GH during childhood |
Gigantism |
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Hyper Secretion of GH in adult |
Acromegaly |
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Thyroid gland anterior surface of the trachea, inferior to larynx |
ThyroxineT4/t3triiodthyronine & CT calcitonin |
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Cretinism |
Hypothyroid in infant |
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Cretinism |
Hypothyroid in infant |
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Graves' disease |
Hyperthyroid |
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Cretinism |
Hypothyroid in infant |
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Graves' disease |
Hyperthyroid |
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Goiter |
Abnormal growth of thyroid mainly due to lack of iodine |
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Parathyroid gland |
PTH and CT have antagonistic effects on the blood (calcium) |
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Adrenal medulla secrete |
Epinephrine and norepinephrine sympathetic output |
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Adrenal cortex secretes |
Corticosteroids |
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Adrenal cortex secretes |
Corticosteroids |
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Mineralocorticoids |
control body's electrolyte level (ALDOSTERONE) |
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Adrenal cortex secretes |
Corticosteroids |
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Mineralocorticoids |
control body's electrolyte level (ALDOSTERONE) |
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Glucocorticoids |
Control body's glucose levels, it also has a anti inflammatory effect |
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Adrenal cortex secretes |
Corticosteroids |
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Mineralocorticoids |
control body's electrolyte level (ALDOSTERONE) |
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Glucocorticoids |
Control body's glucose levels, it also has a anti inflammatory effect |
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Adrenal |
Androgens |
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Addison's disease |
Inadequate secretion of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids |
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Addison's disease |
Inadequate secretion of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids |
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Crushing syndrome |
Hypercortisolism |
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Pancreas contains |
Alpha glucagon and beta cells insulin |
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Pancreas contains |
Alpha glucagon and beta cells insulin |
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Diabetes mellitus type 1 |
Insulin dependent, insufficient levels of insulin |
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Pancreas contains |
Alpha glucagon and beta cells insulin |
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Diabetes mellitus type 1 |
Insulin dependent, insufficient levels of insulin |
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Type 2 diabetes mellitus |
Non-insulin dependent: decreased tissue sensitivity to insulin |
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Pancreas contains |
Alpha glucagon and beta cells insulin |
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Diabetes mellitus type 1 |
Insulin dependent, insufficient levels of insulin |
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Type 2 diabetes mellitus |
Non-insulin dependent: decreased tissue sensitivity to insulin |
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Kidneys release |
Calcitrol, EPO, renin |
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Heart releases |
ANP and BNP increase water and salt loss at the kidneys |
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Heart releases |
ANP and BNP increase water and salt loss at the kidneys |
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Gonads |
Testes and ovaries; androgens tested produce testosterone and ovaries estrogens and progesterone |
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Heart releases |
ANP and BNP increase water and salt loss at the kidneys |
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Gonads |
Testes and ovaries; androgens tested produce testosterone and ovaries estrogens and progesterone |
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Pineal gland releases |
Melatonin |
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Heart releases |
ANP and BNP increase water and salt loss at the kidneys |
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Gonads |
Testes and ovaries; androgens tested produce testosterone and ovaries estrogens and progesterone |
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Pineal gland releases |
Melatonin |
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Thymus releases |
Thymosins |
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Heart releases |
ANP and BNP increase water and salt loss at the kidneys |
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Gonads |
Testes and ovaries; androgens tested produce testosterone and ovaries estrogens and progesterone |
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Pineal gland releases |
Melatonin |
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Thymus releases |
Thymosins |
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Adipose tissue releases |
Leptin |
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