Special Path Respiratory - Etiologies

Front 1

Etiology of Cystic Nasal Conchae

Back 1

Genetic

Front 2

Etiology of Cleft Palate (Palatoschisis)

Back 2

Genetic

Front 3

Etiology of Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome

Back 3

Genetic

Front 4

Etiology of Hemorrhage

Back 4

1. Coagulopathies
2. Septicemias

Front 5

Etiology of Pulmonary Calcification

Back 5

1. Hypercalcemic states
2. Uremia (dogs)
3. Pulmonary necrosis

Front 6

Etiology of Congenital Atelectasis

Back 6

Obstruction of airways

Front 7

Etiology of Acquired Atelectasis

Back 7

1. Compressive:
a. Physical effects
2. Obstructive:
a. Airway blockage
b. Mucosal edema
c. Exudates
d. Aspirated foreign body
e. Parasites
f. Neoplasms
3. Extended recumbancy

Front 8

Etiology of Pulmonary Congestion

Back 8

Left sided heart failure

Front 9

Etiology of Hemodynamic Edema

Back 9

1. Congestive heart failure
2. Iatrogenic fluid overload
3. Hypoalbuminemia
4. Impaired lymph drainage

Front 10

Etiology of Permeability Edema

Back 10

1. Inflammatory mediators
2. Direct damage:
a. Pneumotropic viruses
b. Toxicants
c. Bacterial toxins

Front 11

Etiology of Neurogenic Edema

Back 11

Increased intracranial pressure

Front 12

Etiology of Sterile Thromboemboli

Back 12

1. Jugular vein thrombus
2. Long-term IV catheterization

Front 13

Etiology of Septic Thromboemboli

Back 13

1. Bacterial endocarditis
2. Jugular thrombophlebitis
3. Hepatic abscesses
4. Septic arthritis and omphalitis

Front 14

Etiology of Serous Rhinitis

Back 14

1. Mild irritants
2. Allergic reaction
3. Cold air
4. Early viral infection

Front 15

Etiology of Purulent Rhinitis

Back 15

1. Bacterial infection
2. Severe injury
3. Mucosal necrosis

Front 16

Etiology of Granulomatous Rhinitis

Back 16

1. Systemic mycosis
2. Tuberculosis
3. Foreign bodies

Front 17

Etiology of Pharyngitis/Laryngitis/Tracheitis

Back 17

1. Intraluminal foreign bodies
2. Tumors
3. Parasitism
a. Spirocerca lupi
4. Bacteria:
a. Fusibacterium spp.
b. Actinobacillus spp.

Front 18

Etiology of Lymphadenopathies

Back 18

1. Hyperplasia
2. Neoplasia
3. Lymphadenitis
4. Cysts
5. Polyps
6. Abscesses
a. Arcanobacterium pyogenes

Front 19

Etiology of Bronchopneumonia

Back 19

1. Bacteria
2. Mycoplasmas
3. Bronchoaspiration

Front 20

Etiology of Embolic Pneumonia

Back 20

1. Virulent circulating bacteria
2. Bacterial/fibrin thrombi

Front 21

Etiology of Interstitial Pneumonia

Back 21

1. Injury to alveoli:
a. Aerogenous:
i. Toxic gases
ii. Smoke
iii. Toxic metabolites
iv. Infection with viruses
2. Injury to vascular endothelium:
a. Septicemia
b. DIC
c. Microembolism
d. Larval migrans
e. Toxins from GIT
f. Toxic metabolites from lungs
g. Endotheliotropic viruses

Front 22

Etiology of Bronchointerstitial Pneumonia

Back 22

1. Viral infections with
2. Concurrent bacterial infection
3. Respiratory syncytial virus
4. Canine distemper
5. Influenza in:
a. Pigs
b. Horses

Front 23

Etiology of Granulomatous Pneumonia

Back 23

1. Systemic fungal diseases:
a. Cryptococcosis
b. Coccidioidomycosis
c. Histoplasmosis
d. Blastomycosis
2. Bacterial diseases:
a. Mycobacterium bovis
b. Rhodococcus equi
3. Viral diseases:
a. Feline Infectious Peritonitis

Front 24

Etiology of Dorsal-Diaphragmatic Pneumonia

Back 24

APP

Front 25

Etiology of Lobar Pneumonia

Back 25

Bordetella bronchiseptica

Front 26

Etiology of Pharyngeal Perforation

Back 26

1. Trauma
2. Foreign bodies

Front 27

Etiology of Suppurative Pleuritis
(Pyothorax, Thoracic empyema)

Back 27

1. Haemophilus parasuis
2. Streptococcus suis type II
3. Pasteurella multocida
4. Streptococcus equi
5. Streptococcus zooepidemicus
6. Escherichia coli
7. Mycoplasma spp.
8. Haemophilus spp.

Front 28

Etiology of Pyogranulomatous Pleuritis

Back 28

1. Nocardia spp.
2. Actinomyces spp.
3. Bacteroides spp.

Front 29

Etiology of Rhinitis/Sinusitis in the dog

Back 29

1. Acute rhinitis:
a. Canine distemper virus
b. Canine adenovirus 1 and 2
c. Canine parainfluenza virus
d. Reovirus
e. Canine herpesvirus
2. Secondary bacterial rhinitis:
a. Bordetella bronchiseptica
b. Escherichia coli
c. Pasteurella multocida
3. Fungal causes:
a. Mycelial forms:
i. Aspergillus spp.
ii. Penicillium spp.
b. Yeast forms:
i. Cryptococcus neoformans
ii. Rhinosporidium seeberi

Front 30

Etiology of Tracheal Agenesis and Tracheal Hypoplasia in the dog

Back 30

Hereditary

Front 31

Etiology of Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis (Kennel cough) in the dog

Back 31

1. Bordetella bronchiseptica
2. Canine adenovirus 2
3. Canine parainfluenza virus
4. Environment:
a. Poor ventilation
b. Stress

Front 32

Etiology of Sterile Thromboemboli
in the dog

Back 32

1. Dirofilaria immiitis
2. Hyperadrenocorticism
3. Hyperthyroidism
4. Glomerulopathies
5. Hypercoagulable states

Front 33

Etiology of Canine Adenovirus

Back 33

Canine Adenovirus Type 2

Front 34

Etiology of Fading puppy syndrome

Back 34

Canine Herpes Virus

Front 35

Etiology of Canine Distemper

Back 35

1. Morbillivirus
2. Secondary infections:
a. Bordetella bronchiseptica
b. Mycoplasmas

Front 36

Etiology of Bacterial Pneumonias in the dog

Back 36

1. Primary viral injury
2. Secondary bacterial:
a. Pasteurella multocida
b. Streptococcus spp.
c. Escherichia coli
d. Klebsiella pneumoniae
e. Bordetella bronchiseptica
f. Tuberculosis

Front 37

Etiology of Opportunistic Mycotic Pneumonias in the dog

Back 37

Aspergillus fumigatus

Front 38

Etiology of Systemic Mycotic Pneumonia in the dog

Back 38

1. Blastomyces dermatitidis
2. Histoplasma capsulatum
3. Coccidioides immitis
4. Cryptococcus neoformans

Front 39

Etiology of Toxoplasmosis

Back 39

Toxoplasma gondii

Front 40

Etiology of Pleural Calcification (Frosting) in the dog

Back 40

Chronic uremia

Front 41

Etiology of Feline viral rhinotracheitis

Back 41

Feline Herpes Virus (FHV 1)

Front 42

Etiology of Feline Chlamydiosis

Back 42

Chamydia psittaci (felis)

Front 43

Etiology of Mild Feline Rhinitis

Back 43

Mycoplasma felis

Front 44

Etiology of Mycotic Rhinitis in the cat

Back 44

Cryptococcus neoformans

Front 45

Etiology of Laryngeal Edema in the cat

Back 45

Systemic anaphylaxis

Front 46

Etiology of Bacterial Pneumonias in the cat

Back 46

1. Pasteurella multocida
2. Mycoplasmas
3. Mycobacterium bovis
4. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
5. Mycobacterium avium

Front 47

Etiology of Mycotic Pneumonias in the cat

Back 47

Cryptococcus neoformans

Front 48

Etiology of Parasitic Pneumonicas in the cat

Back 48

1. Aehurostrongylus abstrusus
2. Toxoplasma gondii
3. Paragonimus kellicotti
4. Dirofilaria immitis

Front 49

Etiology of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis

Back 49

Bovine herpesvirus-1

Front 50

Etiology of Ovine/caprine Rhinitis/sinusitis

Back 50

Oestrus ovis

Front 51

Etiology of Enzootic Ethmoidal Tumors in ruminants

Back 51

Retroviruses

Front 52

Etiology of Laryngeal Edema

Back 52

Acute interstitial pneumonia

Front 53

Etiology of Necrotic Laryngitis (Calf diphtheria, laryngeal necrobacillosis)

Back 53

1. Fusobacterium necrophorum
2. Nutritional deficiencies
3. Unsanitary conditions
4. Concurrent infection

Front 54

Etiology of Enzootic Pneumonia (Calf pneumonia, viral pneumonia)

Back 54

1. Viral:
a. PI-3 virus
b. BRSV
c. Adenoviruses
d. BHV-1
e. Reoviruses
f. Rhinoviruses
2. Mycoplasmas
3. Bacterial:
a. Pasteurella multocida
b. Arcanobacterium pyogenes
c. Hemophilus somnus
d. Escherichia coli

Front 55

Etiology of Pneumonic Pasteurellosis (Shipping fever) in a ruminant

Back 55

1. Primary viral:
a. IBR
b. PI3
c. BRSV
2. Secondary bacterial:
a. Mannheimia hemolytica

Front 56

Etiology of Respiratory Hemophilosis in a ruminant

Back 56

Haemophilus somnus

Front 57

Etiology of Tuberculosis in a ruminant

Back 57

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Front 58

Etiology of Viral Pneumonia in a ruminant

Back 58

Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Front 59

Etiology of Acute Bovine Pulmonary Edema and Emphysema (ABPE) (Fog fever)

Back 59

1. L-tryptophan
2. 4-ipomcanol
3. Purple mint
4. Rapeseed and kale

Front 60

Etiology of Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis (Hypersensitivity pneumonitis) in a ruminant

Back 60

1. Thermophilic actinomycetes
2. Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula

Front 61

Etiology of Verminous pneumonia (Verminous bronchitis) in cattle and sheep

Back 61

1. Dictyocaulus viviparous
a. Cattle
2. Dictyocaulus filaria
a. Sheep

Front 62

Etiology of Maedi (Maedi-Visna) in a ruminant

Back 62

Non-oncogenic retrovirus

Front 63

Etiology of Inclusion Body Rhinitis in a pig

Back 63

Porcine cytomegalovirus

Front 64

Etiology of Atrophic Rhinitis in a pig

Back 64

1. B. bronchiseptica
2. P. multocida

Front 65

Etiology of Hypoplastic Epiglottis in a pig

Back 65

Hereditary

Front 66

Etiology of Laryngeal Edema in a pig

Back 66

Edema disease

Front 67

Etiology of Swine Influenza

Back 67

1. Type A influenza virus
2. Secondary bacterial or mycoplasmal infection

Front 68

Etiology of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS)

Back 68

PRRS virus

Front 69

Etiology of Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS) in a pig

Back 69

Porcine circovirus
a. Alone or
b. In combo with porcine parvovirus

Front 70

Etiology of Porcine Enzootic Pneumonia

Back 70

Mycoplasma hyopnumoniae

Front 71

Etiology of Porcine Pasteurellosis

Back 71

Pasteurella multocida

Front 72

Etiology of Actinobacillus Pleuropneumoniae (APP) in a pig

Back 72

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

Front 73

Etiology of Verminous pneumonia in a pig

Back 73

1. Metastrongylus apri
2. Ascaris suum

Front 74

Etiology of Haemophilus pneumonia in a pig

Back 74

Haemophilus parasuis/suis

Front 75

Etiology of Streptococcal pneumonia in a pig

Back 75

Streptococcus suis Type II

Front 76

Etiology of Epistaxis in a horse

Back 76

1. Trauma
2. Guttural pouch mycosis
3. Tumors

Front 77

Etiology of Equine Rhinitis/Sinusitis

Back 77

1. Viral:
a. Viral rhinopneumonitis
b. Influenza
c. Rhinovirus
d. Adenovirus
e. Parainfluenza virus
2. Bacterial:
a. Streptococcus equi
i. Strangles
b. Pseudomonas mallei
i. Glanders

Front 78

Etiology of Hypoplastic Epiglottis in a horse

Back 78

Hereditary

Front 79

Etiology of Laryngeal Edema in a horse

Back 79

Purpura hemorrhagica

Front 80

Etiology of Pharyngeal Lymphoid Hyperplasia in a horse

Back 80

1. Chronic bacterial infection
2. Environmental factors
3. Excessive antigenic stimulation
4. Lymphoid hyperplasia

Front 81

Etiology of Guttural Pouch Mycosis

Back 81

1. Aspergillus fumigatus
2. Aspergillus spp.

Front 82

Etiology of Guttural Pouch Empyema

Back 82

Streptococcus equi

Front 83

Etiology of Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage

Back 83

Exercise - dip shit

Front 84

Etiology of Equine Influenza

Back 84

Viral infection

Front 85

Etiology of Equine Viral Rhinopneumonitis

Back 85

Equine herpesvirus