Special Path - Cns Disease Pathogenises

Front 1

Pathogenesis of Congenital Hydrocephalus.

Back 1

occlusion of CSF flow, usu. Cerebral aqueduct (it's narrow).

Front 2

Pathogenesis of Acquired Hydrocephalus.

Back 2

occlusion of CSF flow, usu. Cerebral aqueduct (it's narrow).

Front 3

Pathogenesis of Congential Hydromyelia.

Back 3

occlusion of CSF flow in central canal.

Front 4

Pathogenesis of Acquired Hydromyelia.

Back 4

occlusion of CSF flow in central canal.

Front 5

Pathogenesis of Syringomyelia.

Back 5

unrelated to CSF flow, ventricular system or central canal.

Front 6

Pathogenesis of Hydrancephaly.

Back 6

infarct.

Front 7

Pathogenesis of Meningoencephalocele.

Back 7

failure of neural tube to close, and failure of sutures to close.

Front 8

Pathogenesis of Meningomyelocele.

Back 8

failure of neural tube to close, and failure of vertebral arches to close.

Front 9

Pathogenesis of Supparative Meningitis.

Back 9

pia-arachnoid layer (leptomeninges).

Front 10

Pathogenesis of Neonatal Bacterial Meningitis.

Back 10

microbial entry via umbilicus, hemotogenous spread and replication, bacterial emboli get trapped in meninges.

Front 11

Pathogenesis of Adult Bacterial Meningitis.

Back 11

microbial entry via castration, ear notching wound, hemotogenous spread and replication, bacterial emboli get trapped in meninges.

Front 12

Pathogenesis of Rabies.

Back 12

peripheral nerves--replication in monocytes-->retrograde neuronal transport--> replication in CNS, --> anteriograde neuronal transport--> salivary gland and replication in epithelia cells --> out via saliva.

Front 13

Pathogenesis of Brain Abscesses.

Back 13

entry and replication of microbe in wound-->hematogenous spread, or direct extension from inner ear of cribiform plate.

Front 14

Pathogenesis of Spinal Cord Abscesses.

Back 14

bacterial emboli lodge in bone--pinch off --pinch off spinal cord.

Front 15

Pathogenesis of Protozoal encephalomyelitis.

Back 15

leukocytes trafficking--spread via monocytes, infection of endothelial cells -->granulomatous vascultis-->infarct--> hypoxia--> necrosis.

Front 16

Pathogenesis of Fungal encephalomyelitis.

Back 16

inhaled (blasts/histo) or skin wound --> hematogenous spread to CNS via monocyte trafficking, OR direct extension from nasal sinuses through cribiform plate (usu crypto).

Front 17

Pathogenesis of Cryptococcal Encephalomyelitis.

Back 17

From the Sinuses and cribriform plate into the meninges and brain .

Front 18

Pathogenesis of Myelin Storage Disease.

Back 18

macrophage cannot digest fat, other macrophages move in, buildup of macrophages, unprocessed lipid buildup, pschosine toxic effect on oilgodendroglial cells.

Front 19

Pathogenesis of Congential Hepatic Encephalopathy.

Back 19

toxins pass liver and get to CNS, causing elevate ammonia, and other protein metabolites--> alteration in ATPase dependent Na/K pumps-->electrolyte imbalance and fluid shift--> edema--> increased ICP.

Front 20

Pathogenesis of Acquired Congential Hepatic Encephalopathy.

Back 20

toxins pass liver and get to CNS, causing elevate ammonia, and other protein metabolites--> alteration in ATPase dependent Na/K pumps-->electrolyte imbalance and fluid shift--> edema--> increased ICP.

Front 21

Pathogenesis of Renal Encephalopathy (aka Uremic Encephalopathy).

Back 21

toxins pass liver and get to CNS, causing elevate ammonia, and other protein metabolites--> alteration in ATPase dependent Na/K pumps-->electrolyte imbalance and fluid shift--> edema--> increased ICP.

Front 22

Pathogenesis of Cytotoxic Cerebral Edema.

Back 22

ischemia-->altered cellular metabolism, IC accumulation of fluid in neurons and glial cells--direct cellular damage--> death.

Front 23

Pathogenesis of Vasogenic Cerebral Edema.

Back 23

vascular injury with extravascular accumulation of fluid, breakdown of BBB.

Front 24

Pathogenesis of Hydrostatic Cerebral Edema.

Back 24

elevated ventricular hydrostatic pressure (i.e. hydrocephalus) EC accumulation of fluid.

Front 25

Pathogenesis of Osmotic Cerebral Edema.

Back 25

osmotic imbalance, EC fluid accumulation in grey, white matter.

Front 26

Pathogenesis of Brain swelling.

Back 26

like edema, causes increased ICP--> death.

Front 27

Pathogenesis of Increased ICP.

Back 27

from 1) brain swelling or 2) edema, 3) space occupying mass or 4) inflammation.

Front 28

Pathogenesis of Cerebellar (Cortical) Abiotrophy.

Back 28

intrinsic metabolic defect that causes premature death of neurons, degeneration of cells after normal development.

Front 29

Pathogenesis of Trauma due to CNS Coup-Contrecoup.

Back 29

coup at site of impact, contrecoup result of brain banging around inside cranium--Opposite site of impact.

Front 30

Pathogenesis of Trauma due to Diffuse Axonal Shearing.

Back 30

distortion of brain, collision of brain with skull, axon stretched and torn, shearing effects.

Front 31

Pathogenesis of Aneurysm.

Back 31

weakness in wall of vessel--localized abnormal dilation of blood vessel.

Front 32

Pathogenesis of Transectional Axonopathies.

Back 32

transection of axon-->axonal damage, collapse of endoneurial tube, phagocytosis of axonal debris, proliferation of replacement tissue (oligodendroglial cells--brain or Schwann cells--cord).

Front 33

Pathogenesis of Stenotic Cervical Myelopathy.

Back 33

bone problem--canal is small.

Front 34

Pathogenesis of Intervertebral Disc Disease.

Back 34

bulging or extruded disc material puts pressure on spinal cord.

Front 35

Pathogenesis of Vertebral Malformations.

Back 35

in utero anomaly.

Front 36

Pathogenesis of Fibrous Astrocytoma.

Back 36

proliferation of malignant astrocytes.

Front 37

Pathogenesis of Canine Distemper.

Back 37

CNS disease is secondary condition of CDV infection; aerosol transmission, microbe trapped in mucosa of nasal turbinates, replication in macrophages and neutrophils, leukocytic trafficking to local lymph nodes (retropharyngeal)), more replication in lymph nodes, 1° viremia of systemic lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, immunosuppression, 2° viremia (via leukocyte trafficking) infects CNS as well as epithelial cells all through body .

Front 38

Pathogenesis of Canine Distemper--Acute phase.

Back 38

CNS disease is secondary condition of CDV infection; aerosol transmission, microbe trapped in mucosa of nasal turbinates, replication in macrophages and neutrophils, leukocytic trafficking to local lymph nodes (retropharyngeal)), more replication in lymph nodes, 1° viremia of systemic lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, immunosuppression, 2° viremia (via leukocyte trafficking) infects CNS as well as epithelial cells all through body .

Front 39

Pathogenesis of Canine Distemper--Demyelinating phase.

Back 39

previous infection with CDV .

Front 40

Pathogenesis of Chronic CDV Encephalitis (aka old dog encephalitis).

Back 40

autoimmune response to neuronal tissue--expansile process-->compression of adjacent tissue-->compressive axonopathy lesion like Wallerian degeneration.

Front 41

Pathogenesis of Granulomatous meningoencephalitis.

Back 41

proliferative response of monocytes derived from bone marrow, aberrant host response or true neoplastic disease.

Front 42

Pathogenesis of Inflammatory reticulosis.

Back 42

Proliferative response of mononuclear phagocytes (monocytes) derived from bone marrow, Aberrant host response, True neoplastic disease (Markers for neoplastic lymphocytes have been demonstrated in these foci).

Front 43

Pathogenesis of Neoplastic Reticulosis.

Back 43

Proliferative response of mononuclear phagocytes (monocytes) derived from bone marrow, Aberrant host response, True neoplastic disease (Markers for neoplastic lymphocytes have been demonstrated in these foci).

Front 44

Pathogenesis of Neuropododermatitis.

Back 44

loss of sensation--> mutilation or injury .

Front 45

Pathogenesis of Idiopathic Polyradiculoneuritis.

Back 45

Raccoon bite associated, Similar to Guillain-Barre syndrome, May be a postinfectious phenomenon, Postvaccinal or Postinfectious-immune mediated disease.

Front 46

Pathogenesis of Congential Myasthenia Gravis.

Back 46

reduce # of ACh receptors in postsynaptic membrane of myoneural jx, fewer impulses from synapse -->muscle weakness.

Front 47

Pathogenesis of Acquired Myasthenia Gravis.

Back 47

HST II, seen with thymitis and thymoma, induced by T-lymphocytes that recognize myocytes with ACh receptor in thymus (wow! we're actually applying immuno!), cross-reacting Ab's go systemic to attack myocytes.

Front 48

Pathogenesis of Dural Ossification.

Back 48

metaplasia due to dural irritation.

Front 49

Pathogenesis of Cerebrovascular Atherosclerosis.

Back 49

metabolic vascular injury--> abnormal lipid deposition in intima and media of arteries.

Front 50

Pathogenesis of Brain-Heart Syndrome.

Back 50

over stimulation of beta-receptors, which are abundant in heart.

Front 51

Pathogenesis of Degenerative Myelopathy in dogs.

Back 51

UNKNOWN--besides axonal degeneration, secondary Wallerian demyelination.

Front 52

Pathogenesis of Degenerative Myelopathy in cats.

Back 52

UNKNOWN--besides axonal degeneration, secondary Wallerian demyelination.

Front 53

Pathogenesis of Dysautonomia.

Back 53

PNS disease--enteric division.

Front 54

Pathogenesis of Viral Cerebellar Hypoplasia.

Back 54

in utero infection, transplacental hematogenous infection, breach of BBB-->virus gets in, affect external germinal layer of cerebellum, cytolysis by virus, no internal granular layer formed, so other layers don’t form.

Front 55

Pathogenesis of Genetic Cerebellar Hypoplasia.

Back 55

mutation of cells that affect differentiation, migration of cells in embryo-->atophy or hypoplasia.

Front 56

Pathogenesis of Feline Infectious Peritonitis.

Back 56

HST III.

Front 57

Pathogenesis of Feline Ischemic Encephalopathy.

Back 57

infarct, vasculitis, altered vasc, flow from thrombosis and infarct from larval parasite--Cuterebra spp. .

Front 58

Pathogenesis of Protozoal Encephalomyelitis.

Back 58

ingested in filed, food, passed by skunks, possums feces, phagocytized by macrophages.

Front 59

Pathogenesis of acute/sudden Protozoal Encephalomyelitis.

Back 59

inflammation, thrombosis.

Front 60

Pathogenesis of progressive/slow Protozoal Encephalomyelitis.

Back 60

encysted parasite.

Front 61

Pathogenesis of Herpes Virus Encephalitis.

Back 61

Hematogenous spread (viremia; also in leukocytes), Virus infects endothelial cells, Thrombosis of small arteries and veins, Virus induced ischemic vasculitis.

Front 62

Pathogenesis of Arboviral Encephalomyelitis .

Back 62

mosquito vectors, bird reservoirs, hematogenous spread.

Front 63

Pathogenesis of West Nile Virus.

Back 63

mosquito vectors, bird reservoirs, hematogenous spread.

Front 64

Pathogenesis of Leukoencehaphalo malacia .

Back 64

unknown--targeted toxin, mechanism unknown.

Front 65

Pathogenesis of Cerebrospinal Nematodiasis.

Back 65

Fourth stage larvae migrate in vessel walls, Thrombosis/thromboembolism, Parasite and platelet/fibrin embolus lodge in brain, Parasites migrate out of vessel into neuropil.

Front 66

Pathogenesis of Laryngeal Hemiplegia.

Back 66

atrophy/paralysis of left cricoaritenoideus dorsalis mm.

Front 67

Pathogenesis of Botulism.

Back 67

spores release toxin to necrotic tissue, carry via blood to systemic circ.--Blocks Ach release.

Front 68

Pathogenesis of Toxicoinfections Botulism in foals.

Back 68

from nibbling at dirt.

Front 69

Pathogenesis of Tetanus.

Back 69

inhibits inhibitory neurons.

Front 70

Pathogenesis of Cauda Equina Neuritis.

Back 70

loss of myelin and neuronal degeneration.

Front 71

Pathogenesis of Dummy Foal Syndrome .

Back 71

restricted cerebral perfusion at birth--twisted umbilicus, compression of blood supply.

Front 72

Pathogenesis of Equine Lower Motor Disease.

Back 72

free rads case lipid membrane damage to neurons.

Front 73

Pathogenesis of Listeriosis: brain stem of cow gives it away.

Back 73

sores from foreign body penetration of mucosa in mouth, esoph, organism follows cranial nerves into brain stem enzymes released from neutrophils early on ---retrograde axonal transport.

Front 74

Pathogenesis of Thrombic Meningiencephalitis.

Back 74

infarcts from vasculitis.

Front 75

Pathogenesis of Polioencephalitis.

Back 75

altered metabolic energy pd'n of neurons, mitochondrial generation of ATP/use of O2.

Front 76

Pathogenesis of Lead encephalopathy.

Back 76

lead breached BBB, vasogenic edema, laminar cortical necrosis.

Front 77

Pathogenesis of Symmetrical Encephalomalacia.

Back 77

Rapid replication of C. perfringens, Exotoxin produced in intestinal tract, Exotoxin absorbed by intestine, Hematogenously spread to certain brain stem nuclei that have a selective vulnerability for the toxin.

Front 78

Pathogenesis of Spongiform Polioencephalopathy.

Back 78

Progressive neuronal degeneration, Abnormal forms of prion protein.

Front 79

Pathogenesis of Lentivirus Encephalitis.

Back 79

Milk and respiratory secretions, Macrophage leukocytic trafficking, Persistent infection, mmune mediated disease.

Front 80

Pathogenesis of Viral Leuko-encephalomyelitis.

Back 80

Milk and respiratory secretions, Macrophage leukocytic trafficking, Persistent infection in neural cells, Immune mediated disease, Lesions also in brain.

Front 81

Pathogenesis of Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis.

Back 81

Milk and respiratory secretions, Macrophage leukocytic trafficking, Persistent infection in neural cells, Immune mediated disease, Lesions also in brain.

Front 82

Pathogenesis of Pseudorabies.

Back 82

Neuronal entry (sensory nerve endings), Retrograde axonal transport to brain (Trigeminal nerve and ganglion, Olfactory nerve), Neural cell degeneration and necrosis.

Front 83

Pathogenesis of Eosinophilic Meningoencephalitis.

Back 83

Hypernatremic syndrome, Movement of water back and forth across osmotic barriers in relationship to osmotic gradients, Inhibition of glycolysis in neurons and/or damage to blood-brain barrier with edema (vasogenic).

Front 84

Pathogenesis of Cerebrospinal Angiopathy.

Back 84

Edema disease principle (EDP), Gram negative bacterial endotoxin that is neurotoxic, Acts at blood-brain barrier, Affects vascular endothelial function, Alters function of neurons.