Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is damaged to cause spastic dysarthria?
|
bilateral damage to UMN’s of both the pyramidal and extrapyramidal tracts
|
|
|
Pyramidal tract damage results in...
|
contractions that are slow and weak
|
|
|
Extrapryamidal tract damage results in ...
|
increased muscle tone (spacticity), weakness, and perhaps abnormal oral motor reflexes
|
|
|
weakness and slowness may be most evident PERCEPTUALLY in ....
|
the lip and tongue movements
|
|
|
Perceptually the spacticity may be most evident in ...
|
the larynx (phonation).
- You are going to hear slow tongue and lip movements, resulting in incorrect consonants - Tight, rough speech - May effect velum causing hypernasality |
|
|
Spastic Dysarthria is caused by....
|
any condition that can bilaterally damage UMN’s:
-stroke -Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) - TBI -Multiple Sclerosis (MS) -Brain stem Tumors -Anoxia -Infections |
|
|
What is the most common cause of SD?
|
Strokes
- only when 2 or more occur in certain combos - or a single stroke in the brainstem |
|
|
ALS is a disease that results in ...
|
progressive degeneration of the Upper and Lower motor neurons
(life expectancy 22 months) |
|
|
MS can cause SD how?
|
The myelin sheaths are distroyed or damaged not allowing axons to function properly. therefore can cause bilateral UMN damage on both sides of the brain
|
|
|
Anoxia can cause SD how?
|
lack of Oxygen to the brain can cause widespread damage to UMN on both sides of the brain.
|
|
|
What componants of Speech production can be effected in SD?
|
Articulation, prosody, phonation, resonance and respiration
|
|
|
What articulation errors are common in SD?
|
imprecise consonants-
- Due to slowness and weakness of tongue - Also could be due to spacticity of the tongue causing this Vowel Distortions- -Due to velar stiffness (not heard as frequently) |
|
|
What are the phonatory errors in SD?
|
- Harsh Vocal Quality
*Old man voice *most common - Strained-strangled vocal quality *Sounds like being strangled, can barley get anything out -Low pitch *Vocal chords are not as flexible therefore not able to vibrate as fast *Not everyone has |
|
|
What kind of resonance error occurs in SD?
|
Hypernasality
- velum is not as flexible - velum is not moving properly - not as severe as it is in flaccid |
|
|
What are the prosody errors in SD?
|
Monopitch and monloudness
*Voice is flat(mono) b/c he cannot stretch his vocal folds due to spacticity. * monopitch is one of the most obvious characteristics of SD Short phrases *Because it is so fatiguing to talk for a long period of time (more severe cases) Slow rate of speech * probably caused by reduced speed and range and weakness of articulators |
|
|
Name the nonspeech characteristics of SD
|
-Pseudobulbar affect
-Drooling |
|
|
what is the pseudobulbar affect?
|
- Fairly common problem
- Affect the brainstem (usually) - Nervous system damage that prevents a person from maintaining their normal emotional equilibrium - These people will cry or laugh at inappropriate times (even though they may not want to) |
|
|
What causes drooling in SD?
|
can be due to impaired oral control of saliva or less frequent swallowing
|
|
|
Name 3 good evaluation tasks for SD
|
conversational speech and reading, Alternate motion rate (AMR), Vowel prolongation
|
|
|
Name 3 Treatment exercises for phonation deficits
|
head and neck relaxation, easy onset of phonation, yawn-sigh exercises
|
|
|
Name 5 articulation treatments for SD
|
stretching exercises, intelligibility drills, phonetic placement, exaggerating consonants, inimal contrst drills
|
|
|
Name 2 types of resonance treatment for SD
|
surgical/prosthetic, exercise based
|
