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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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name the 2 methods used to make sparkling wines/Champagne
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Charmat (Cuve Close) Method
Classic Method (Méthode Champenoise) |
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Describe the Charmat Method for maiing sparkling wines
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involves conducting the second fermentation in large, closed, pressurized tanks. AKA – tank method and bilk method. Cheaper sparklings are made this way since it’s quick and cheap. After this fermentation the wine is filtered to remove the lees.
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What is riddling?
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Riddling is also called “remuage” and is the process of freezing the lees in a clump in the neck of a bottle.
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Describe the Classic Method fro making Sparkling wines/Champagne
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second fermentation happens in the bottle. Legally Champagne cant be made any other way. AKA classical or traditional method. 9 months to several years after being corked for secondary fermentation the wine bottles are shaken, and turned so that the lees fall to the neck of the bottle. The leesa are then flash frozen and disgorged as a plug. A “dosage” of sweetening solution is added to adjust the flavor, and then the bottles are recorked and labled for sale.
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What is disgorgement?
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Disgourgement is the process of removing the frozen lees after they are riddled.
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Describe the transfer method as it regards sparkling wines
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Sparkling wine made by the transfer process, follows the same procedure as Méthode Champenoise, up to the point of bottling. The wine is bottled en tirage. Following secondary fermentation, the fermentation bottles are emptied under pressure and the wine filtered. This replaces the rémuage, riddling and dégorgement steps. The transferred wine is then bottled under pressure into a new set of bottles that are shipped to market.
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What happens during Secondary Fermentation?
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Gives us CO2 and therefore bubbles. Occurs either in the bottle (bottle-fermented) or in the tank (tank-fermented). Happens by adding yeast and sugar to the still wine which creates alcohol and CO2.
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Name the Champagne Grape Varieties
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Chardonnay used in almost all chamoagne for its finesse, Pinot Meunier commonin nonvintage chamoagnes used for fruitiness and body, and Pinot Noir used in most champagnes, it contributes body texture and aroma.
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What happens during primary fermentation?
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Still wine is made
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List the five major Champagne Regions and thier respective grapes
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1.Montagne de Riems ( mountains of riems) – pinot meunier and pinot noir
2. The Cote des blancs (hillside of whites) – chardonnay 3. The Vallee de la Marne ( Valley of the Marne river) – pinot meunier 4. Cotes de Sezanne – Chardonnay 5. The Aube – Pinot Nior. |
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List the common types of Champagne Styles
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light, light to medium, medium, medium to full, and full
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What are Prestige Cuvée Champagnes?
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a houses most prestigious and best champagne – not necessarily made every year, almost always vintaged.
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list the Types of Champagnes
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blanc de blancs made entirely from chardonnay, Rose made by adding a little still pinot noir to the batch, blanc de noir – very rare, and regular golden champagne.
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List the levels of Dryness/Sweetness in Champagne and the amounts of sugar they conatin
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Extra Brut: very very dry, 0-0.6% sugar
Brut – Very Dry < 1.5% sugar Extra Dry – Off-dry 1.2-2% sugar Sec – slightly sweet 1.7-3.5% sugar Demi-Sec – Sweet 3.3-5% sugar Doux – quite sweet 5% + sugar |
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Name Some Other French Sparkling Wines
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Cremant is sparkling French wine made in the traditional method and it comes from the following regions: Alsace, Liore, Languedoc, Burgundy
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Describe American Sparkling Wines
grapes? methods? quality? |
made from chardonnay, pinot noir, and occasionally pinot meunier and pinot blanc. Made using both methods, some can top true champagnes in quality and taste.
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What is Spanish sparkling wine called?
method? grapes? region? |
Cava – can be made in 6 regions in Spain but 95% of it is made in Penedes, made in the traditional method. Can be vintage or non, made in same dry to sweet categories as champagne, must be made from one or more of the following grapes: parellada, xarel-lo, macabeo, chardonnay and subirat(malvasia)
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What is italian sparkling wine called?
method? region? |
Prosecco – aka spumante is made from prosecco and sometimes small amounts of pinot bianco. Made in the Veneto. dry, and more fuity an dless crisp than champagne. Made using the Charmat method. 2nd leading spumante in Italy after asti.
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Languedoc-Roussillon
location? Wine Style? Size? |
located in the South of France near the border of Spain, wines from here often reflect a Mediterranean influence. the single largest wine producing area in the world. More than 1/3 of the worlds wine is made here. A very wide variety of grapes are produced here.
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How are wines named in Languedoc?
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Wines can be named after their variety here and are then in a category called Vin De Pays d’Oc, instead of AOC. These wines are less traditional than AOC wines, and the rules for making them are more flexible.
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Name two "C" graped used in the Languedoc and state what they are used for.
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Chardonnay is used in Vin de Pays d’Oc. Chenin Blandc is a minor grape used mainly in Cremant de Limoux.
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What grapes are are all used in traditional white wines and blends throughout the Languedoc?
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Bourboulenc
Clairette Grenache Blanc Picpoul Marsanne Rolle Roussane |
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Name the grape that is native and used in the sparkling Cremant de Limoux and Blanquette de Limoux.
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Mauzac
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tWhat are he sweet fortified wines of the Languedoc called?
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Vin Doux Naturel :They are naturally sweet. Fortified with brandy (grape spirits), in order to stop fermentation early, leaving the iwnes weet. Most taste more alcoholic and less sweet than they actually are.
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What are Vin Doux naturels made from?
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Many made from Muscat, specifically from muscat blanc de petite grains, the oldest and most well known. Most produced however is made from muscat of Alexandrai.
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What is Vin de Liqueur and how does it differ from Vin Doux Naturel?
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A vin de liqueur is a sweet fortified style of French wine. The term "vin de liqueur" is also used by the European Union to refer to all fortified wines. These wines are similar to vins doux naturels but are fortified just prior to fermentation and are sweeter, with more flavor influence from the added brandy
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What is Banylus?
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The most exciting vin doux naturel is Banylus – a reddish wine made from grenache.
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What is teh Vin de Liqueue from the Languedoc region called?
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cartagène
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Name 3 majotr Languedoc-Roussilon Appelations
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There 25 total but the following are the most notable:
Minervois Corbièresis Côtes du Roussillon |
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Minervois
location? wine styles? soil? Grapes? |
In the hilly western Languedoc.
Minervois wines are mostly red -full bodied reds. Well structured and elegant when young, quite tannic and silky after 2 or 3 years in a cellar. White wines are dry and lively. Rosé wines should be drunk young. They are round and fruity. Pebbles and limestone Red: Aspiran, Carignan, Cinsault, Grenache, Lledoner pelut, Mourvèdre, Piquepoul, Syrah and Terret. White: Bourboulenc, Grenache, Macabeu, Marsanne, Roussanne and Vermentino |
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Corbièresis
location? wine styles? soil? Grapes? |
one of the largest wine appellation in France. To distinguish the wines, Corbières is divided into 11 terroirs. Loacted between the cities of Carcassonne, Perpignan and Béziers.
Produces spicy full body red wine Limestone, marl, sandstone Red and Rosé: Grenache Syrah Carignan Mourvèdre Cinsault White: Bourboulenc Maccabeu Grenache blanc Marsanne |
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Côtes du Roussillon
location? wine styles? grapes? soil? |
Around the city of Perpignan in the deep south of France.
Medium body red wine Dry light rosé Dry white wine Red and Rosé: Carignan Syrah Lladoner Pelut Grenache Mourvèdre White: Maccabéo (Macabeu) Malvoisie Grenache blanc Various: limestone, clayey limestone, sandstone, granite |
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Bergerac
loaction? wine styels? grapes? soil? |
East of Bordeaux
Along the Dordogne river in Southwest France Aromatic red wine Fresh and fruity rosé Dry white wine Red and rosé: Cabernet Sauvignon Cabernet Franc Merlot Côt (Malbec) White: Sémillon Sauvignon Muscadelle Ondenc Chenin Blanc Limestone |
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Monbazillac
location wine styles? grapes? soil? |
In the Dordogne valley, south of Bergerac
Sweet viscous white wine Sémillon Sauvignon Muscadelle Clayey limestone |
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Madiran
location? wine styles?grapes? soil? |
In SW France Facing the Pyrénées mountains
Full body red wine Tannat (at least 40%) Cabernet Franc Cabernet Sauvignon Fer Servadou Clayey-limestone |
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Cahors
location? wine styles? grapes? soil? |
Around Cahors city on both banks of the Lot river
Robust red wine Côt (also called Malbec) Merlot Tannat Limestone |
