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25 Cards in this Set

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Present simple tense

Used when you are doing something now


Endings for ar verbs:


yo - o nosotros -amos


tú -as vosotros -áis


el -a ellos -an

hablo


I speak

Stem

The main part of the verb to which endings are added.

habl-

Infinitive

A form of the verb with no endings added to it, not any particular tense


For -ar verbs: stem + ar

hablar


to speak

Present continuous tense

estar + gerund


present form of estar, to state that someone is doing something


yo - estoy nosotros - estamos


tú - estás vosotros - estáis


el - está ellos - están

estoy hablando


I am speaking

Gerund

The same as a verb with 'ing' on the end in English, normally has 'ando' or 'iendo' on the end.

hablando


speaking

Imperative

An instruction to do something. The endings for '-ar' verbs are what '-er' verbs normally use in the present simple tense.

habla!


(you) Talk!

Imperative (negative)

Instructions not to do something. Have 'no' in front.

no habla


don't (you) talk

Imperatives and object pronouns: positive

Object pronouns go at the end of the verb. The stress doesn't move, so normally has an accent.

Háblame


Talk to me

Imperatives and object pronouns: negative

Object pronouns go before the verb

No me habla


Don't talk to me

Reflexive verb (infinitive)

Used when an action is done to the subject (subject and object are the same). Has an 'se' on the end

hablarse


(I)talk to (myself)


me hablo= I talk to myself

Reflexive pronoun

A word ending in 'self' or 'selves' which refers back to the subject. Goes in front of the verb.


yo: me


tu: te


el/ella/uno/usted/ellos/ellas/ustedes: se


nosotros/as: nos


vosotros/as: os



me hablo


I talk to myself

Reflexive pronouns and imperatives

The reflexive pronoun goes at the end of the verb when you are telling someone to do something (only for positives. For negatives it goes at the front of the imperative).

hablase!


Talk to yourself!

Future tense

When you are talking about something that will happen or will be true in the future

hablaré


I'll speak

Future tense (reflexive verbs)

Exactly like ordinary verbs only you need a reflexive pronoun

me hablarsé


I'll speak to myself (?)

Conditional tense

Something that would happen or would be true under certain circumstances, or something you would like or need.

hablaría


I would speak

Conditional tense (reflexive verbs)

Exactly like ordinary verbs only you need a reflexive pronoun

me hablaría


I would speak to myself

Preterite tense

Used to talk about actions completed in the past

hablé


I spoke

Imperfect tense

When talking about something that was happening or used to happen in the past. Uses the stem plus endings (for '-ar' verbs: -aba, -abas, -aba, -ábamos, -abais, -aban)

hablaba


I spoke


I was speaking


I used to speak

Perfect tense

Present tense of the 'haber' (to have) plus past participle.

He hablado.


I have spoken.

Past participle

Take off the

hablado


(spoken)

Pluperfect tense


(or Past perfect)

The imperfect

había hablado


I had spoken

Passive tense

ser + past participle

fui hablado


I was spoke


(doesn't really work with hablar- a better example is 'fui enviado', 'I was sent')

Subjunctive

Used to indicate some kind of feeling, or show doubt about whether something will happen.

hable

Present subjunctive

Take the -o ending from the yo form of the present simple, and add a fixed set of endings.

hable

Imperfect subjunctive

Take off the 'aron' ending and add a different set of endings:


for example -ara, aras, -ara, -áramos, -arais, -aran. Different sets of endings.

hablara