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229 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Direct object nouns
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A person, place or thing that receives the action of the verb. Always add a "a" before the direct subject pronoun that refers to people.
subject--> verb-->DON tener= exception |
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The doctor sees her patients
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La doctora atiende a sus pacients
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The doctor sutures the wound.
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La doctora sutura la herida
No 'a' b/c the person must be the direct object. |
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I have many Spanish speaking patients
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Tengo muchos pacientes hispanos.
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Adjectives that precede their nouns
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Limiting adjectives come before nouns-- normally has to do with quanity.
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I don't have much money
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No tengo mucho dinero
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I have little time
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Tengo poco tiempo
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Its the same man
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Es el mismo hombre
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I work every day
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Trabajo todos los dias
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Another day, another problem
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otro dia, otro problema
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Adjectives that can go before or after noun
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un buen libro= un libro bueno
una mala pelicula= unal pelicula mala |
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Grande vs gran
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Un gran hombre- a great man
Un hombre grande- a big man |
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The poor man (impoverished)
The poor man (inspires pity) |
el hombre pobre
el pobre hombre |
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an elderly friend
and old friend |
Un amigo viejo
un viejo amigo |
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a new car (brand new)
a new car (to you) |
un carro nuevo
un nuevo carro |
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a unique case
the only case |
un caso unico (accent on u)
el unico caso |
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the average temperature
half a kilo |
la temperatura media
medio kilo |
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Ser
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Occuption, origin, nationality, religion
Use it to differentiate the subject from other members of the same category: Miguel es alto. |
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Estar
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Current condition, location
Use it to compare the subject's current condition/state with a dif (previous) state of the same subject: La paciente esta (accent on a) muy palida (accent of a). Manolo esta muy alt-- Manolo is (has gotten very tall). |
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To be single
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ser soltero/soltera
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to be married (to)
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estar casao/casada (con)
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to be separated (from)
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estar separao/separada (de)
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to be divorced (from)
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estar divorciado (de)
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she is married
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esta (accent on a) casada
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she's a married woman
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Es casada
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to be boring
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ser aburrido
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to be bored
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estar aburrido
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to be complete
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ser completo
El reporte es muy completo |
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to be full
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estar completo
el autobus esta completo |
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to be all grown up
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estar grande
Angela ya esta grande |
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to be rich
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ser rico
Los Montonya no son ricos |
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to be delicous
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estar rico
El postre esta rico |
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To be safe
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ser seguro
es un procedimiento seguro |
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to be sure
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estar seguro
Esta us seguro? |
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Its a joke
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es un chiste
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To fall
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Caer
yo caigo tu (accent on u) caes el/ella/ud- cae nosotros caemos uds/ellos caen |
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To do, to make
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Hacer
yo hago tu haces el/ud hace nosotros hacemos ellos/uds hacen |
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To put
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Poner
yo pongo tu pones el/ud pone nosotros ponemos ellos/uds ponen |
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To give
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Dar
yo doy tu das el/ud da nosotros damos ellos/uds dan |
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To leave, to go out
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Salir
yo salgo tu sales el/ud sale nosotros salimos ellos/uds salen |
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To bring
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Traer
yo traigo tu traes el/ud trae nosotros traemos ellos/uds traen |
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To see
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Ver
yo veo tu ves el/ud ve nosotros vemos ellos/uds ven |
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To hear
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oir (accent on i)
yo oigo tu oyes el/ud oye nosotros oimos (accent on i) ellos/uds oyen |
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To contract
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Contraer
Conjugated same as traer Contraer una enfermedad= to contract a disease |
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To close
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Cerrar
e--> ie yo cierro tu cierras el/ud cierra nosotros cerramos ellos/eds cierran |
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To attend to, to wait on, to see (patients)
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Atender
e--> ie |
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To begin, to start
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Comenzar
Empezar e-->ie |
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To understand
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Entender
e--> ie |
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To snow
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Nevar
e--> ie |
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To think
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Pensar
e--> ie You can think of and think about: El doctor piensa en sus pacientes- the dr is thinking of (about) his patients. Que piensa ud de la situacion en el hospital?= What do you think about the situation in the hospital? |
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To lose
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Perder
e--> ie |
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To prefer
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Preferir
e-->ie |
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To break (to go bankrupt)
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Quebrar
e--> ie |
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To want, to love
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Querer
e--> ie |
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To feel
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Sentir
e--> ie |
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To attend (class, college, etc)
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Asistir
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To have
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Tener
you tengo tu tienes el/ud tienen nosotros tenemos ellos/uds tienen |
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To come
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Venir
yo vengo tu vienes el/ud viene nosotros venimos ellos/uds vienen |
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To eat lunch
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Almorzar
o-->ue yo almuerzo tu almuerzas el/ud almuerza nosotros almorzamos ellos/uds almuerzan |
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To count, to tell (a story)
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Contar
o-->ue |
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To cost
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Costar
o-->ue |
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To sleep
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Dormir
o-->ue |
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To play
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Jugar
u-->ue |
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To rain
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llover
o-->ue |
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to die
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Morir
o-->ue |
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to show
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mostrar
o-->ue |
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To be able, can
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Poder
o-->ue |
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To remember
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Recordar
o-->ue |
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To ring
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Sonar
o-->ue |
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To dream
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Sonar (nee-ya)
o-->ue |
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To return, to go back, to come back
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Volver
o-->ue |
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To serve
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Servir
e-->i yo sirvo tu sirves el/ud sirve nosotros servimos ellos/uds sirven |
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I'm no good at all
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No sirvo para nada
Servir para= to be good for |
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To get, to acquire
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Conseguir
e-->i & drop 'u' in yo yo consigo tu consigues el/ud consigue nosostros conseguimos ellos/uds consiguen |
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To follow, to continue, to still be
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Seguir
e--> i & drop 'u' in yo yo sigo tu sigues el/ud sigue nosotros seguimos ellos/uds siguen |
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To ask for
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Pedir
e-->i |
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To say, to tell
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Decir
yo digo tu dices dice decimos dicen |
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To laugh
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Reir (accent on i)
yo rio (accent on i) tu ries (accent on i) el/ud rie (accent on i) nosotros reimos (accent on i) ellos/uds rien (accent on i) |
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To smile
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Sonreir (accent on i)
yo sonrio (accent on i) tu sonries (accent on i) el/ud sonrie (accent on i) nosotros sonreimos (accent on i) ellos/uds sonrien (accent on i) |
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To go
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Ir
voy, vas, va, van, vamos ir a a + el= al de + el- del |
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To learn how to
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aprender a
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to help (someone) do (something)
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ayudar a
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to start to, to begin to
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comenzar a
empezar a |
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to teach (someone) to
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ensenar (nee-ya) a
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to insist on
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insistir en
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To be going to
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ir a
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to try to
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tratar de
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To have just (done something)
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Acabar de + verb
Miguel acaba de empezar- Migue has just started |
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To do something again
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Volver a
Vuelve a llover- Its rainging again |
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To know how to do something
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Saber
se (accent on e), sabes, sabe, sabemos, saben |
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To be familiar with a person or place
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Conocer
yo conozco conoces conoce conocemos conocen |
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To recognize
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Reconocer
Cojugate like conocer |
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To drive
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Conducir
Cojugate like conocer |
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To obey
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Obedecer
Cojugate like conocer |
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To disobey
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Desobedecer
Cojugate like conocer |
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To offer
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Ofrecer
Cojugate like conocer |
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To translate
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Traducir
Cojugate like conocer |
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To be XX years old
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Tener XX anos (nee-yay)
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To be hot
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Tener calor
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To be careful
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Tener cuidado
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To be successful
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Tener exito (accent on e)
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To be cold
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Tener frio (accent on i)
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to feel like, to be in the mood, to be anxious (to do something)
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Tener ganas (de)
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To be hungry
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Tener hambre
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To be in a hurry
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Tener prisa
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To have to (do something)
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Tener que (+ infinitive of verb)
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to be right
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Tener razon (accent on o)
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To be thirsty
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Tener sed
Tener mucha sed- to be very thirsty, feminine |
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To be sleepy
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Tener sueno (nee-yay)
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To be lucky
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Tener suerte
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Reflexive verb
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The subject carries out the action of the verb on itself-- always has a reflexive pronoun: myself, herself, yourself, ourselves, etc.
They cut themselves |
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To bathe oneself
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Banarse (nee-yay)
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To wash oneself
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Lavarse
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The nurse bathes the patient
The nurse takes a bath |
La enfermera bana (nee yay) a la paciente.
La enfermera se bana. (nee yay) |
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Banarse Conjugation
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yo me bano- i bathe myself
tu te banas- you bathe yourself ud se bana- you bathe yourself nosostros nos banamos- we bathe ourselves ellos se banan- they bathe themselves. |
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To adapat (to)
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adaptarse
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to shave (oneself)
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afeitarse
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To fall (from, all)
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Caerse (de)
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To be/get frightened
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asustarse
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To shower
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Ducharse
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To fracture
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fracturarse
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to imagine
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imaginarse
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to get hurt
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lastimarse
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to get up
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levantarse
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to be called, to be named
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llamarse
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to meddle (with), to butt in
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meterse con
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to move (to another house or city)
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mudarse
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to forget (about)
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olvidarse (de)
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To put on clothes
To become |
ponerse
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to prepare (for)
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prepararse (para)
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to worry about
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preocuparse por
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to complain (about)
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quejarse de
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to stay, to remain
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quedarse
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to take off (clothes)
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quitarse
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to break (a bone)
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romperse
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to take off (clothes)
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sacarse
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to get dressed
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vestirse
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I take off my shoes
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Me quito los zapatos
Me saco los zapatos |
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Miguel falls of the roof
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Miguel se cae del techo
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I get up at 6, I shower, and I leave for work
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Me levanto a las seis, me ducho, y me voy a trabajar.
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To remember (reflexive)
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Acordarse
me acuerdo te acuerdas se acuerda nos acordamos se acuerdan |
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To go to bed (reflexive)
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acostarse
me acuesto te acuestas se acuesta nos acostamos se acuestan |
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To wake up (reflexive)
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Despertarse
me despierto te despiertas se despierta nos despertamos se despiertan |
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To feel (reflexive)
How someone is feeling |
Sentirse
me siento te sientes se siente nos sentimos se sienten |
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Do you remember me?
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Te acuerdas de mi?
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To sit down
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Sentarse
me siento te sientas se sienta nos sentamos se sientan |
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to fall asleep
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Dormirse (to accidentally fall asleep)
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To go away, to leave (reflexive)
I have to go now |
irse (more definitive departure than using ir)
me voy, te vas, se va, nos vamos, se van Tengo que irme ahora. |
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To blow ones nose
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Sonarse
me sueno te suenas se suena nos sonamos se suenan |
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This
These |
este, esta, or esto if you dont know sex
estos, estas |
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That
Those |
ese, esa
esos, esas |
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Direct object pronoun
When are you going to take me seriously? |
pronoun that receives the action of the verb- it can refer to people or things. When there's a single conjugated verb, the pronoun must go first. With 2 verbs (ir a XX) it can go in two places:
Cuando me vas a tomar en serio? Cuando vas a tomarme en serio? |
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Direct object pronoun
Me You Him, it, you Her, you Us Them/yall Them/yall |
Me- me
You- te Him, it, you- lo Her, you- la Us- nos Them/yall- los Them/yall- las |
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I see Miguel.
I see him |
Veo a Miguel.
Lo veo. |
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Present Progressive
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Describing an event as its happening.
Estar (conjugated) + gerund ar--> ando er/ir--> iendo ar & er don't change stems: almorazando, perdeindo (to lose) ir does stem change: pidiendo (ask), sirviendo (serve) |
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Irregular Present Progressives
Falling Going Reading Hearing Smiling Laughing Brining |
Cayendo
ir--> yendo leyendo oyendo sonriendo riendo trayendo |
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Pronoun Placement (Present Progressive)
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It can go before estar or be attached to the gerund.
If attached to gerund, place accent on the a or e of the -ando/-iendo. |
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Yes, she is examining him now
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Si, lo esta examinando ahora
Si, esta examinandolo ahora |
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Time construction - how long something has been going on
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Hace + amt of time + que + present tense verb
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Miguel has been working in the US for a year.
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Hace un ano que Miguel trabaja en los E.U.
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It has been some time
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Hace tiempo que...
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How long... (has something been going on)
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Cuanto tiemp hace que...?
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Time flies
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El tiempo pasa volando
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It is necessary
One must We have |
Hay que
States obligation without stating who. Hay que llamar a Marta! |
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Its a good thing
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Menos mal
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To make matters worse
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Para colmo de males
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When it rains, it pours
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llueve sobre mojado
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Indirect Object Pronouns
me you him, her us them/you |
Something indirectly affected by the action of the verb
me te le nos les |
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Do the pills relieve the pain (for you)?
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Las pastillas le alivian el dolor?
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The doctor examines his ankle
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La dra le examina el tobillo
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You like chocolate
Use prepositional pronouns to show empahsis/clarification |
A ti te gusta el chocolate.
A mi me gusta A ud le gusta A el/ella le gusta A uds/ellos/ellas les gusta |
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Olga likes to teach
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A Olga le gusta ensenar (nee-yay on 2nd n)
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To cost, to be difficult
Its hard for miguel to walk with crutches |
Costar (ue)
A Miguel le cuesta andar con muletas. |
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To hurt, to be painful
Miguels' ankle hurts alot. |
Doler (ue)
A Miguel le duele mucho el tobillo. |
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To love (something- places or things)
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Encantar
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Irritate, to drive up the wall, to bug
Angela's little brother drives her up the wall |
fastidiar
A Angela le fastidia su hermanito. |
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To be important, to matter
Maria's family is very important to her. |
Importar
A Maria le importa mucho su familia. |
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To interest, to be interesting
Beth is interested in studying medicine. |
Interesar
A Beth le interesa estudiar espanol. |
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To bother
Miguel is bothered a lot by the crutches. |
Molestar
A Miguel le molestan mucho las muletas. |
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To seem
What does it seem like |
Parecer
Que le parace? |
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To itch
My skin itches |
Picar
Me pica la piel |
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To worry
This patient's condition worries me. |
Preocupar
A mi me preocupa la condicion de esta pactiente. |
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Double object pronouns
The doctor prescribes them for me. |
Indirect pronoun- direct pronoun-conjugated verb
La doctora me las receta. me/te/le/nos/les first, then me/te/lo/la/nos/las **If both the indirect and direct start with 'l', then le/les (1st word) is changed to se. Therefore se can be to him, to her, to you(formal), to them, or to yall. |
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How do I explain it to you?
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Como se lo explico?
direct object= lo (it) indirect object= le (to you) so it changes to se |
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Formal Commands
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Give instructions to another person.
Take the yo, present tense verb form, drop the 'o' and add the opposite ending: e for -ar verbs a for -ir and -er verbs |
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Speak (formal command)
Drink Write |
Hable ud, hablen uds
Beba ud, beban uds escriba ud, escriban uds |
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Close (formal commands)
Return Ask for |
cierre ud, cierren uds
vuela ud, vuelvan uds pida ud, pidan uds |
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Conducir (formal commands)
Decir Poner Tener Traer (bring) ver |
conduzca, conduzcan
diga, digan ponga, pongan tenga, tengan traiga, traigan vea, vean |
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Almorzar (formal command)
Pagar Practicar |
almuerce, almuercen
pague, paguen practique, practiquen |
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Dar (formal command)
Estar Ir Saber Ser |
de (' on e), den
este ('on e), esten vaya, vayan sepa, sepan sea, sean |
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Pronoun placement + commands
Take them Tell me |
object pronouns attahed to affirmative commands, but go before negative commands.
Tomelas ('on o) digame ('on i) |
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Will you do me the favor of brining me a termometer?
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Me hace el favor de tarerme un termometro('on 1st o)?
Hagame ('on 1st a) el favor de traerme un termometro. Favor de traerme un termometro. |
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Adverbs
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Used to modify a verb, adjective, or another adverb. Add info such as how, when, where, or to what degree. Just add -mente to the end of the adj: legal->legalmente
Rapido->rapidamente They dont agree with other words in the sentence- masculine/feminine, etc |
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Now
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ahora
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somewhat, sort of
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algo
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last night
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anoche
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well
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bien
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almost
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casi
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slowly
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despacio
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today
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hoy
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bad, badly, poorly
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mal
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very
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muy
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not much, not very
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poco
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a little bit
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un poco
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soon
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pronto
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always
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siempre
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late
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tarde
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early
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temprano
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still
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todavia ('on i)
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not yet
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todavia no (' on i)
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lately
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ultimamente (' on u)
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already
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ya
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no longer
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ya no
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Sometimes
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A veces
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Carefully
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Con cuidado
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Generally
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por lo general, en general
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Occasionally, from time to time, every now and then
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de vez en cuando
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seriously
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En serio
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in the morning
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por la manana
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every day
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todos los dias ('on i)
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Comparitives vs Superlatives
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Compartives (mas) compare 2 people, place, or things, superlatives (el mas) do 3 or more.
Ese hospital es mas grande que este. Es el hospital mas grande del estado |
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Better, best
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mejor
Esta in las mejores manos y con la mejor gente-- in the best hands |
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worse, worst
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peor
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older, oldest
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mayor
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younger, youngest
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menor
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The important thing
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Lo importante-- when referring to a general concept (abstract idea) use lo with adjective.
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Comparisons of Equality
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Tan.. como for adjectives and adverbs, tanto.. como for nouns-- tanto must match nouns
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this medication is as effective as that one
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este medicamento es tan eficaz como ese.
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Dr. Carillo has as much patience as Dr. X
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La Dra Carillo tiene tanta paciencia como el doctor X
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