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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Use of the present tense
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to indicate an action taking place right now
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Present tense endings for ar
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o, as, a, amos, an
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Present tense endings for er
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o, es, e, emos, en
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Present tense endings for ir
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o, es, e, imos, en
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Present tense irregulars
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Ser- soy, eres, es, somos, son
Estar- estoy, estas, esta, estamos, estan Dar- doy, das, da, damos, dan Ir- voy, vas, va, vamos, van Saber- se, sabes, sabe, sabemos, saben Tener- tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos, tienen |
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Present tense -go verbs
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Tener- tengo
Salir- salgo Hacer- hago Decir- digo Poner- pongo |
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Present tense stem changers
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Cerrar, comenzar, empezar, perder, sentarse, dormir, volver, sonar, almorzar, morrir, jugar, pedir, freir, preferir, servir, seguir
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Future tense use
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to indicate action that will occur
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To form future tense
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add the ending to the infinitive
ar/er/ir- e, as, a, emos, an |
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Future tense endings
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ar/er/ir- e, as, a, emos, an
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Future tense irregulars
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tener- tendre
salir- saldre vener- vendre decir- dire hacer- hare querer- querre poder- podre poner- pondre saber- sabre haber- habre |
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Future tense clue words
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will, shall
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Conditional use
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to express conditions (what could, might, would take place)
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Conditional clue words
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Would, could, might
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To form conditional words
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infinitive + endings
ar/er/ir- ia, ias, ia, iamos, ian |
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Conditional endings
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ar/er/ir- ia, ias, ia, iamos, ian
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Conditional irregulars
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tener- tendria
salir- saldria vener- vendria decir- diria hacer- haria querer- querria poder- podria poner- pondria saber- sabria haber- habria |
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Present perfect use
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expresses actions that have happened in a period of time that is not over yet
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Forming present perfect
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[Conjugate haber (he, has, ha, hemos, han)] + [(infinitive-ar/er/ir) + (ado/ido)]
Example: He has talked El ha hablado |
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Present perfect endings
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he, has, ha, hemos, hand + infinitive without ar/er/ir but with ado/ido
he has talked el ha hablado |
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Present perfect clue words
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ya, nunca, todia no
[already, never, still] have, has |
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Present perfect irregular
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abrir- abierto
cubrir- cubierto escribir- escrito morir- muerto poner- puesto romper- roto volver- vuelto decir- dicho hacer- hecho ver- visto |
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Present progressive uses
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used to express action taking place at that time
I am eating, you are eating, etc. |
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Present progressive clue words
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am, are, is
-ing |
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To form present progressive
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conjugate estar + verb with ando/iendo
i am eating- i- yo am- estar-> estoy eating- [to eat is comer] com+iendo **yo estoy comiendo Don't forget stem changing! i->e o->u |
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Irregular present progressive
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caer: cayendo
creer: creyendo ir: yendo oír: oyendo traer: trayendo leer: leyendo seguir: siguiendo |
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Imperfect progressive use
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to indicate that one action was occurring until it was interrupted by another action
Ex. I was walking in the park when it began to rain |
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To form imperfect progressive
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the imperfect of estar [aba] + present participle of verb [ando/iendo]
Estaba estudiando cuando llamaste I was studying when you called. ¿Estabas leyendo ahora mismo? Were you reading just now? |
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Imperfect progressive clue words
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was, were
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Irregular imperfect progressive
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The past participle changes
e-> i decir- diciendo pedir- pidiendo repetir- repitiendo seguir- siguiendo servir- sirviendo vestir- vistiendo o-> u dormir- durmiendo i-> y caer: cayendo creer: creyendo ir: yendo oír: oyendo traer: trayendo leer: leyendo seguir: siguiendo |
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Present subjunctive use
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to tell what may or may not happen
to express a wish, hope, desire, preference, suggestion, request or order |
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To form present subjunctive
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Drop ar of the present yo form and add-
e, es, e, emos, en Drop er/ir of the present yo form and add- a, as, a, amos, an Mirar- mire, mires, mire, miremos, miren Vivir- viva, vivas, viva, vivamos, vivan Salir- salga, salgas, salga, salgamos, salgan |
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Irregular present subjunctive
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dar- de, des, de, demos, den
estar- este, estes, este, estemos, esten haber- haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayan ir- vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayan saber- sepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sepan ser- sea, seas, sea, seamos, sean |
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Command uses
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To tell someone to do something
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To form affirmative/negative formal commands
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Affirmative-
For usted, drop ar and add e For usted, drop er/ir and add a For ustedes, drop ar and add en For ustedes, drop er/ir and add an To make the commands negative, add 'no' in front of the verb |
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To form affirmative tu commands
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The same as the regular el, ella, usted form
Escribir- Usted escribe-> Tu escribe Volver- Usted vuelve-> Tu vuelve |
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Irregular affirmative tu commands
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decir- di
ir- ve ser- se salir- sal hacer- haz tener- ten venir- ven poner- pon |
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To form negative tu commands
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Drop the o in the yo form of the verb and add opposite ending [as,es]
ar-> es er/ir-> as Salir- Salgo-> Salgas Pedir- Pido-> Pidas |
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Irregular negative tu commands
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ir- no vayas
ser- no seas saber- no sepas estar- no estes dar- no des |
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Comparing quantities
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tanto... como
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Comparing qualities
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tan... como
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