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64 Cards in this Set
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con - with ( indicating companion, characteristics, and, containing or the contents of , the mode of, Accompany some verbs :¿con quién hablas? who are you speaking to?;
(tras adjetivos) to; towards
8 (con decimales)
con tantas dificultades, no se descorazonó in spite of all o for all the difficulties he didn't lose heart;
10 (en exclamaciones)
Indicate te a condition con estudiar un poco apruebas with a bit of studying you should pass;
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desde
1. (indicating origin)
2. (indicating time)
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de to indicate possession (of),to indicate cause (from, with),to indicate origin (from, of), to describe a noun with another noun or infinitive (of) Un vaso de vino (A glass of wine) to compare (than) Tengo más dinero de ella. (I have more money than her.) idioms (see compound prepositions below) De ahora en adelante (From now on)
2. de (of, from)
DE + EL = DEL Notice that when de is immediately followed by the definite article el, the two combine to become del. Este pescado es [de el] lago. -> Este pescado es del lago. (de + el = del)
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en to indicate location (in, on, at) Está en mi mochila. (It is in my backpack.)
to indicate time (in) Fui a Perú en el verano. (I went to Peru in the summer.)
To indicate manner, how something is done (by) Vamos a Italia en tren. (We go to Italia by train.) into it (field of interest, )
idioms (see compound prepositions below) En broma (As a joke) 3. en (in, on, at, about, by)
At location or event.
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a expressing ( direction( to) , position ( to),exact moment of time ( at), give orders to, with quantities ( lots), with purpose ( to) , with frequency ( per) Going into ( distance to -the inside of) to express time (at, is) Cenamos a las seis. (We eat dinner at six o´clock.) to introduce an indirect object (to, for) Le di el regalo a Celia. (I gave the gift to Celia.) to indicate manner, how something is done (on, by, with) Vamos a pie. (We went on foot.) to connect one verb to an infinitive (not translated directly) Vamos a bailar. (We are going to dance.) to indicate motion (to) Fuimos a España. (We went to Spain.) 1. a (to, at, by, for)
A + EL = AL Notice that when a is immediately followed by the definite article el, the two combine to become al. Vamos [a el] cafe -> Vamos al cafe. (a + el = al)
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por
Duration (for) Por expresses how long something takes to happen.Viajamos en coche por ocho horas. (We traveled by car for eight hours.)
Reason or Motive (because of) In this case, por gives a reason for why something happened.
Por su amor de español, siempre lo estudiaba. (Because of his love for Spanish, he always studied it.)
Emotion (for) To express an emotion that you have for someone, use por. Tengo tanto amor por ti. (I have so much love for you.)
Exchange (for) Por expresses the idea that one thing is given in exchange for another thing. Pagué $60 por estos zapátos. (I paid $60 for these shoes.)
by ( indicating in place of ,for each, in exchange of,because of, a period of time ) by way of
Mode of Communication or Transportation/Movement (by, on, through) To express the manner in which something or someone travels, use por. Viajamos por tren a Italia. (We travel by train to Italy.)
Substitution (for, instead of) Substitution is very similar to "exchange" in that someone or something is taking the place of another person or thing. Hay una maestra reemplazante por Señora Martinez hoy. (There is a substitute teacher for Mrs. Martinez today.) |
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contra into it (make physical contact) against ( indicating opposition)
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hasta Up into , down into ,( as far as) until (indicating limitation)) even, (including )
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Por Expressions
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aprobó el examen por los pelos he only just passed the exam por lo menos At least |
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Para |
Para Purpose (in order to) Para can indicate a purpose, or a goal that will be achieved.Estudio el español para hablar con gente de Argentia. (I study Spanish in order to talk to people from Argentina.
Recipient (for) In this case, para indicates the person at the end of an action, the person who will receive the action. Este pastel es para mi madre. (This cake is for my mother.)
Opinion (for, according to) It is helpful to state the speaker of an opinion with a phrase using para and the opinion-holder. Para mí, el español es más romántico que el italiano. (For me, Spanish is more romantic than Italian.)
Destination (for) The destination or ending point for any object or person is indicated with para. Este cuadro es para un museo en Madrid. (This painting is for a museum in Madrid.)
Deadline (for, by, on) To indicate when something is due, para indicates dates and times in the future. Esta tarea es para mañana. (This homework is for tomorrow.)
Standard (for) A standard is used to compare something or someone to differentiate it from others in its group. Esta es deliciosa para una hamburguesa barata. (This is delicious for a cheap hamburger.)
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Para Expressions
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estar para to be about to |
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Compound Prepositions
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These make speech more fluid and are most commonly used by native speakers. Compound prepositions are generally made up of preposition + noun + preposition or adverb + preposition.
a cargo de (in charge of) de vez en cuando (from time to time) |
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desde
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PREPOSITION |
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desde |
desde
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Bajo |
Bajo |
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Bajo |
Entre |
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Bajo |
Sin
Un té sin leche, por favor = "A tea without milk, please." Se metió en la cama sin que se despertara = "He got in bed without her waking." |
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Bajo |
Hacia |
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Bajo |
Sobre |
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Bajo |
Hasta |
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Bajo |
Tras |
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Bajo |
según |
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Bajo |
Ante |
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Bajo |
Durante |
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Bajo |
Incluso |
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Bajo |
a traves de |
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Bajo |
Dentro de |
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Bajo |
A Lo largo |
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Despues |
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Mas alla de |
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mas |
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Excepto |
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Arriba |
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Alrededor |
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Hacia abajo |
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Cerca de |
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Como |
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A PESAR de |
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estar en contra de |
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Relativa |
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POR encima de |
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Dentras de |
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En lugar de |
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Según Según (dice) él, es un buen libro. “According to him [his opinion], it is a good book.” Q: ¿Te gusta el cine francés? “Do you like French cinema?” Según que tiene SIDA. “They say that he has AIDS.” |
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fuera de |
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a eso de (+ time) |
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a fuerza de |
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a tiempo |
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además de |
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de otro modo |
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frente a in front of
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en vez de instead of
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en casa de at the house of
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en cambio on the other hand
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detrás de behind
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Spanish compound prepositions are composed of: a preposition + noun + preposition: |
Spanish compound prepositions are composed of: a preposition + noun + preposition: |
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junto a
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por junto a
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por en medio de
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en pos de
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con rumbo a
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con destino a
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por delante de
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The preposition generally appears at the helm of the prepositional phrase, which also includes the object of the preposition (a noun or pronoun) plus article and/or adjective. Here are a few examples of what a prepositional phrase is: inside the yellow box over the top behind me from that foreign country In Spanish, prepositions work in the same manner, with one caveat. Spanish and English prepositions often don't have a one-to-one correspondence. For example, the preposition a may be translated as “to,” but it may also be used before direct objects that represent a person or people (as opposed to inanimate objects). Conversely, another word for “to” (as in “toward”) in Spanish is hacia. The Versatile A You can use a to indicate direction or movement, as we do in English with the preposition “to”: Vamos a la panadería para comprar galletas. We are going to the bakery to buy cookies. Ella corrió al centro para buscar al perro perdido. She ran downtown to look for the lost dog. A may also be used to mean “per,” “a,” or “at” when describing rate or cost: Hacemos ejercicios tres veces a la semana. We work out three times a week. Se venden los zapatos a treinta dólares cada par. The shoes are on sale for thirty dollars a pair. This versatile preposition may also be combined with other words to show spatial location. For example, a la izquierda and a la derecha mean “on the left” and “on the right.” ESSENTIAL Encontré a Luis en la librería. I found Luis at the bookstore. Conozco a aquellos estudiantes;son Silvia y Ramón. I know those students — they are Silvia and Ramon. Furthermore, certain verbs may be followed by the preposition a, which connects them to another infinitive. For example: Ayudo a cargar el camión de mudanza. I am helping to load the moving truck. Comenzamos a caminar a las siete de la mañana. We started walking at seven in the morning. Here are some other verbs commonly paired with the preposition a:
to get used to aprender a to learn to apresurarse a to hurry atreverse a to dare to ayudar a to help to comenzar a to begin to contribuir a to contribute to dedicarse a to devote oneself to echarse a to start to empezar a to begin to enseñar a to teach how to invitar a to invite to llegar a to succeed in negarse a to refuse obligar a to force prepararse a to prepare to ponerse a to start to venir a to come to volver a to do again |
