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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The informational content of a gene is stored in
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the sequence of bases in DNA.
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DNA and RNA are polymers of
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nucleotides
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To which of the following is the adenine base covalently bonded in DNA
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deoxyribose sugar
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Which of the following is[are] the correct base pairing relationship[s] in DNA?
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A pairs with T
B. G pairs with C |
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The genetic code is
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triplet. 0%
B. degenerate. C. non-overlapping. |
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Transfer RNA is important in translation because
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it can bind both amino acids and RNA.
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Your genome has a haploid DNA content of approximately
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three billion base pairs
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Promoter and enhancer sequences
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are found between the genes and contain binding sites for transcription factors that can turn genes on or off.
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What is an intron?
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a sequence of nucleotides that is edited from a mRNA molecule prior to translation
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Approximately what percent of the human genome codes for proteins?
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1-2%
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The purpose of isolating our DNA for lab 10 will be
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to identify our genotype for the alcohol dehydrogenase gene
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Which of the following is NOT true about microorganisms
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You don’t have to worry about them if you use anti-bacterial soap
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Which of the following is NOT a well constructed hypothesis:
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Looking at the diversity of bacterial colonies on your hand
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Why is it important to keep the lid over the agar surface and never remove it completely?
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Minimize contamination from the air and dust
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If an original cell had a diploid number of 24, how many chromosomes would be present in each resultant cell after meiosis
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12
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Which of the following terms represents the euploidy state (number of chromosome sets) of gametes?
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haploid
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The risk of having a child with a chromosomal abnormality
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increases with the age of the mother
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The end result of meiosis is the
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formation of 4 daughter cells, each containing one haploid set of chromosomes.
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The condition where there is one extra copy of a chromosome is called
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trisomy.
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Assume that the gene for trait A is on chromosome 3 and the gene for trait B is on chromosome 7 and that an individual is heterozygous for both traits (AaBb). Which of the following is/are correct? (mark all correct choices)
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There are four possible allele combinations that this heterozygous individual could produce.
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A child with the autosomal recessive disease, cystic fibrosis, was born to two phenotypically normal individuals. What are the genotypes of the two parents and the child? Use B as the normal allele and b as the disease allele.
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parents are Bb and the child is bb
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In humans, the allele for chronic simple glaucoma is dominant over the allele for normal eyes. Suppose a normal woman marries a man with glaucoma whose father was normal. What proportion of their children would you predict will have glaucoma?
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one-half of their children
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In humans, brown eye color is dominant; blue is recessive. If a brown-eyed man marries a blue-eyed woman and they have seven brown-eyed children, five boys and two girls, we can conclude that most likely
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both parents are homozygous.
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Red green color blindness in humans is a sex-linked recessive trait. If a color blind female marries a male with normal vision, what percent of their male children will likely be color blind?
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100 %
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Which of the following traits can be used to identify different bacterial colonies?
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All of the above can be used
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It is important to flame (sterilize) the loop in between each streak on the Petri dish because…
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This rids the loop of any contaminants
3. This allows us to isolate colonies |
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What is the purpose of doing PCR on your DNA sample?
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To increase or amplify the amount of DNA collected
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Prokaryotic cells lack
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a nucleus
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Which of the following are examples of eukaryotic cells?
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A fungal cell. 50%
3. An ameoba |
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From the list below identify only membrane bound organelles involved in the synthesis of proteins in eukaryotes.
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rough endoplasmic reticulum
golgi |
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What is the correct sequence by which a protein must have traveled to be secreted from a fungal cell, starting at the site of protein production?
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Rough ER, vesicle, Golgi, Vesicle, plasma membrane
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What is the primary organelle responsible for generating ATP?
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Mitochondria
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Enzymes are mostly
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protein
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Gram positive bacteria
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contain lots of peptidoglycan in their cell walls
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Some antibiotics such as penicillin work by inhibiting an enzyme involved in the crosslinking of peptidoglycan chains. Therefore these antibiotics will
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work only on Gram positive bacteria
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Many antibiotics such as tetracycline work by blocking the function of ribosomes. Therefore these antibiotics will
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block protein synthesis
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The size of inhibition zones around antibiotic discs
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are not completely indicative of an antibiotic's utility against a species of bacteria because some antibiotics are only sparingly soluble in water
help medical doctors decide what antibiotic to prescribe |
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Finding or developing antibiotics specific for protist, fungal, or viral human pathogens
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however difficult, should be possible because there are obvious differences between these types of pathogens and humans
will be difficult because they are either eukaryotes themselves or hijack eukaryote cells to reproduce and antibiotics that inhibit them may have some detrimental effect on human cells |
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A gram stain is...
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a differential stain that separates bacteria into two major groups based on the presents or absence of peptidoglycan in their cell walls.
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Your twenty-one year old friend drinks at least one alcoholic beverage every weekend for the entire 2006-2007 school year. According to lab 12 their duration of exposure to this toxin is...
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subchronic
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This week we will be testing our isolated bacteria for antibiotic susceptibility. What does this mean?
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We will be testing to see if bacterial growth is inhibited by certain antibiotics
3. We will be testing to see how different antibiotics effect bacteria differently |
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The active site of an enzyme
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has a three dimensional shape that is complimentary to the shape of its reactants / substrates / target molecules
has electrical charge characteristics that are complimentary to the charges displayed on the surface of its reactants / substrates / target molecules |
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Antibiotics that are useful against bacteria infections in humans
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may have electrical charge characteristics that are complimentary to the charges displayed on the surface of reactants / substrates / target molecules that are unique to bacteria
may have a three dimensional shape that is complimentary to the shape of reactants / substrates / target molecules that are unique to bacteria |
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Which of the following are elements
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lead
mercury |
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What factor(s) regarding exposure to a toxicant would a toxicologist want to quantify in order to help determine any risk associated with the exposure?
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frequency
duration |
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An LD50 in humans of 1000 g / kg body mass for a chemical compound would indicate?
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Comparativley speaking the compound is not at all toxic.
That a if a group of 10 humans, each weighing 100 kg, each ate their body weight of this compound we could expect about 5 of them to die. |
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What human tissue(s), organ(s), and/or organ system(s) are potential sites of toxicant absorption for botox?
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epidermis
aveoli small intestine |
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What human organ system is responsible for distributing mercury through out the body?
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Circulatory
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Human tissue(s), organ(s), and / or organ system(s) effected by mercury.
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excretory system
brain |
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DDT's mechanism of action in humans.
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disruption of ion movement in axons
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Using the chart on page 89 in your lab manual what test should be preformed to differentiate between Aeromonas and Salmonella?
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Oxidase reaction
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You have a bacterial infection, so your doctor prepares an agar plate the same way we did in lab before spring break. Your bacteria is susceptible to Tetracycline, intermediate to Penicillin, and resistant to Streptomycin. Which antibiotic does your doctor prescribe you?
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Tetracycline
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Changes in the sequence of a gene that ultimately change the identity of an amino acid(s) that make up the resultant protein can be caused by
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exposure to ultraviolet light
mistakes made during DNA replication |
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In humans what is the likelyhood that a randomly occuring mutation will occur within the portion of a gene that codes for a protein?
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5%
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Mistakes made by DNA polymerase are corrected by
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methylation-directed mismatch
proofreading by epsilon |
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Mutations in the genes for what kinds of proteins promotes the possibility of cancer?
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Proteins whose normal function is to arrest the cell cycle.
Proteins whose normal function is to stimulate the cell cycle |
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The role of the complement proteins in non-specific defense such as the inflammatory response.
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wall off infected area
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Immune cells that produce free antibodies.
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Plasma cells
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Mechanism(s) employed by cytotoxic T cells (killer T's) to rid the body of viruses.
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Triggers cell death (apoptosis) in human cells.
Creation of holes in the plasma membranes of human cells. |
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Cytochrome P450's are located
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bound to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
in the liver |
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oxidation of toxicants by P450's
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sometimes creates more toxic molecules from the toxicant 33.33% lecture protection against toxicants
3. generally makes toxicants more water soluble 4. removes electrons from the toxicants |
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Water soluble metabolites and breakdown products of toxicant metabolism leave the human body through the
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excretory system
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The version of each of the p450 gene types you possess on your chromosomes (your p450 alleles)
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in part determines your bodies ability to rid itself of certain drugs and other toxicants
can be inherited from you by your children 5. may explain why certain drugs are ineffective or in some cases extremely toxic in some people was inherited by you from your parents |
