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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where was the Aztec empire? (valley of ____)
What was the Island called? What lake was it in the middle of? (Texas, coco) |
The Valley of Mexico
Tenochtitlan in the middle of a swampy marsh called Lake Texcoco. One of 5 lakes |
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What are geographical problems with Tenochtitlan (4)? (1. little farmland)
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- Very little Farmable land
- water surrunding them is salty, hard to find fresh drinking water - Moutains surrounded them made it hard to travel - The island of Tenochtitlan was small and it was hard to build a growing empire |
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How many people lived on Tenochtitlan?
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At least 250,000 people lived on that small island
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How did the Aztecs adapt to their surroundings? (4) (Cinampas)
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Chinampas (floating gardens) - were built to create more farmland that could be used to make food. They can grow 7 times faster/more than a crop today.
Dam - A dam was built across a section of the lake to help prevent flooding (It eventually helped seperate fresh and salt water) Causeways - they were created to have more roadways into the city. It limited the need for water transportation Aqueducts - created to move fresh water from nearby moutain springs to the city |
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Who were 4 of the gods?
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Tlaloc -
Huitzilopochtli - Tezcatlipocha - Quetzalcoatl - |
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What were the 4 gods known for?
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Tlaloc - god of rain, fond of child sacrifice, their tears sustained him
Huitzilopochtli - god of sun and war, most blood thirsty god, demanded constant sacrifice Tezcatlipocha - most powerful god, name means "smoking mirror" sees the future with his black mirror Quetzalcoatl - banished god, escaped to the east of of the empire, named "the feathered serpant", was said to return in 1 reed. (1 year) |
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Why did the Aztecs sacrifice everyday for their gods?
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They felt that they owed something to the gods. They believed that the gods supplied them life, therefore, they sacrificed to ensure that the gods were pleased and so the sun would continue to rise in the morning
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How did they pick who to sacrifice? (1)
What were elements of the sacrifices? (3) |
- The victims were often captured from nearby tribes by the Aztec warriors
- Sacrifices were completed by trained priests - The victim would be held down by four priests. The chief priest would make a sharp incision with an obsidian knife - The heart would be removed from the body and saved for the gods |
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Why were temples built?
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Temples were built to honour the Gods and complete the sacrifice rituals, which took place at the top
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Where would the body be put after the sacrifices?
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The body would be disposed of. (Skulls were kept in order to record of the number of sacrifices that took place)
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What was a New Fire Ceremony?
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During this ceremony, the people of the empire would put all the fires in the empire out. A new one would be lit in Tenochtitlan and a carrier would give the fire to other people until everyone had it and all the fires were re-lit.
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How long was the Aztec calander cycle and when did the New Fire coremony take part?
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The calander was 52 years
The New Fire ceremony took part at the end of 52 years to establish a new start. |
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How did the Aztecs expand their power? (3) (T, W, T)
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Trade - with neighbouring tribes
War - primary way of expanding their empire, Aztecs were a warrior warrior society. Taxes - They collected taxes from citizens to fund major projects. (ex. temples) |
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What happened when a little boy was born and throughout that boys life?
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A tiny bow and shield was placed in his hands to symbolize his future as a warrior.
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What happpened to every little boy with importance to war? (4)
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- Every boy was trained
- Boys were rewarded for capturing victims, - If an Aztec boy was called a coward, it lacked courage and weakened the army, which weakened the state. - No warrior could question decisions made by the emperor |
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Who was at the top of the Hierarchy?
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The Emperor
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Who were the 3 groups tied for 3rd in the Hierarchy?
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Merchants
Artisans Soldiers |
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Who was at the bottom of the Hierarchy?
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Slaves
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How many groups were in the Hierarchy in total? how many levels/status' were there?
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Groups - 10
Levels - 5 |
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What was the role of the empire? (3)
What did his status mean? |
He had the title of Huey Tlatoani which means “Great Speaker”.
He had 3 roles. - Commander of the Army - Head of State (responsible for making key decisions for the Empire) - Chief Priest |
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Why did the Aztec value Education so much?
What were the children expected to be? |
It trained youth to be good Aztec citizens and to support the Empire.
Children were expected to be obedient and hard-working; if they weren’t, they were harshly punished. |
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What were the 2 categories of education?
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- Schools for Nobles
- Schools for Commoners (common citizens) |
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When were boys trained as warriors? what age did they start?
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the age of 15.
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What were girls educated to be? (3)
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- Priestesses
- Healers - Midwives (helping with childbirth) |
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What traits would an ideal Aztec citizen have? (5) 1. Courage
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Courage - brave, never back down
Self-Sacrifice - Put other people before yourself Modesty - don't brag/stand out from the crowd Clean Living - healthy, avoiding over-indulging in food/dirnk Obidience - expected to obey without question |
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Who was in spain? what empire did they belong to?
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Muslims were in spain, they were part of the Islamic Empire.
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What did the Muslim Spain value? (3)
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Learning - The Muslims valued learning as a way to understand about the universe.
Religious tolerance - a society that was tolerant of minority religions. Architecture - beautiful temples and unique way of constructing buildings. |
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What happened during the Spanish Reconquista (re-conquest)?
When did it take place? Who fought in it for Spain? How did it benefit spain? |
Spain took back their land from the Muslims and established Spain as an independent country.
- Took place from 1000 to 1250 C.E. - It was fought by Catholic soldiers - Because of all the training in the fighting over 250 years. They became one of the world’s fiercest armies. |
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Who were the new leaders of Spain after the war?
What were the like? (3) |
New leaders - King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella
• Young Spanish rulers • Very religious and devoted to the Catholic Church • Interested in Spanish power and imperialism, and obtaining fame and glory for their country |
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After the Reconquista, Spain wanted to create a Catholic Spain. What does this mean? Who were Heretics? What choices where the Heretics given? (3)
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First, they wanted to get rid of anyone in Spain who wasn't catholic.
They didn't want Witches, Muslims and Jews in particular. - These people were called heretics. - Heresy is an act that goes against the Catholic Church. - Heretics were given three choices: convert, leave Spain immediately, or face serious consequences including death. |
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How did they find Heretics?
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People were tortured to tell if they knew someone that was a Heretic.
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What would happen to a Heretic when they were sentenced to death?
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Those who refused to leave Spain or convert to Catholicism were burned at the stake in an event called an Auto De Fe, or an “Act of Faith”
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What is the Inquisition?
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The Inquisition is the act of people trying to get rid of the Heretics (Witches, Muslims, and Jews in particular) from Spain and/or converting them to Catholic.
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How many people died in the first 10 years of the Inquisition?
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approx. 17,000 people
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How did Ferdinand and Isabella expand their Empire while creating a Catholic Spain?
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They were seeking out new land to convert as many people as possible. (this helped them get more people and expand their empire)
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Who had the authority to teach and convert others to Catholic?
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Missionaries
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Who were the 2 Spanish conquistadors that were under the command and were funded by Ferdinand and Isabella?
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Christopher Columbus
Hernan Cortes |
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What were the 2 Spanish conquistadors searching for?
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Either then saving souls, they were searching for gold and glory for Spain.
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Who was Hernan Cortes? (3)
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- Spanish conqistador
- Travelled to the New World in search of Gold - First encouter with the Aztecs was in 1519 with 11 ships, 508 men, and 16 horses. |
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What did Cortes do with his ships when he landed in Tenochtitlan?
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He sent 1 ship back with goal and riches that he had found so far to Spain and sunk the rest. (other 10)
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What helped the Spanish conquer the Aztec Empire? (4) (1. disease)
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Disease - Not knowing it, the spanish brought over small pox. It affected the Aztec people because they had no immunity to it. It limited their fighting ability and population
Allies - They had an Aztec slave named Malinche who knew lots about the Aztec Empire. They ran into many enemy tribes along the way to Tenochtitlan that helped them fight against the Aztecs. Weapons and "The Horse" - The Spanish had metal which let them make stronger and more durable weapons than the Aztecs. The Aztecs have never seen "a horse" before so that could be used to their advantage. Luck and Circumstances - Quetzalcoatl, an Aztec god, was said to return around the time the Hernan Cortes came. This meant that the Aztecs were hesitant to act in violence against Cortes, in case he was a God. |
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What does Malinche mean?
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"the traitor" (Refering to her being a traitor to the Aztecs)
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How many Aztecs survived when the war finally finished?
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Only about 60,000 Aztecs survived.
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What years did the Aztec Empire finally become ruins?
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by the year of 1525
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What happened to the remaining Aztecs?
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They became slaves of the Spanish Kingdom
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What did Tenochtitlan become after the spanish conqured it?
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Hernan made it a foundation of a new Spanish Emipre.
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What happened to the Aztecs culture?
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Very little survived. Some was meshed with Spanish culture and created the modern-day Mexican people.
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