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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What 3 cultures influenced early wine production in spain?
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phoenicians
romans moors |
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What governmental forces led to increased production in spain?
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Post Franco (who led a fascist government), bulk and inexpensive wine became the focus
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Name 3 factors that led to improved technology and investment in vineyards and wineries in spain?
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Miguel Torres (70s and 80s)
Joining the EU (1986) Irrigation and wire trained vineyards |
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What forced the French producers to spain?
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phylloxera. it hit france early, but since spanish wine regions were more spread out, it didn't spread as quickly.
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From lowest to highest, what are the 6 levels of wine classification in spain?
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Vino de mesa (VdM)
Vino de la Tierra (VdlT) Vinos de Calidad Con Indicacion Geografica (VCIG) Denominacion de Origen (DO) Denominacion de Origen Calificada (DOCa) Denominacion de Origen de Pago (DO or DOCa) |
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Describe the wine and labelling of a Vino de mesa (VdM)
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Table wine
simple, basic no regional name, varietal info, vintage |
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What means wine of the land and is similar to French Vin de Pays?
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Vino de la Tierra (VdlT)
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What level of wines can be used as a stepping stone or a safety net for some producers in spain?
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Vinos de Calidad Con Indicacion Geografica (VCIG)
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What is the main quality wine classification in Spain?
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Denominacion de Origen (DO)
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Describe the wines of Denominacion de Origen Calificada (DOC) (DOQ)
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proven consistency and quality over time
lower yield rigorous grape selection |
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How many wines have the Denominacion de Origen Calificada (DOC) status in spain? name them.
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Rioja
Priorat |
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What is the equivalent to French AOC in spanish wine law?
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Denominacion de Origen (DO)
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Describe the wines of Denominacion de Origen de Pago
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reserved for single estates of the highest international reputation
don't need to be in a DO or DOCG only 3 |
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What is the Consejo Regulador? Describe how it applies to wine laws.
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Regulating counsel
local controlling body for each region (each DO has their own) DO and DOC wines bear a seal issued by the local Consejo Regulador. |
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What is Sin Crianza and Vino Joven?
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wine without or very little wood ageing
light fruity wine intended for early drinking |
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What is Crianza? How long does it have to age for reds, whites, and rosados?
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wine that has seen age at the winery.typically sold after 2 years at the winery
6 months minimum wood ageing for reds, whites, rosado reds need 24 months of ageing whites and rosados need 12 months |
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What is Riserva? Describe its age requirements
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Good wines from good vintages
reds must be minimum 3 years development with 12 months of that in cask whites and rosados must age for a minimum of 24 months with at least 6 months in a cask |
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Describe Gran Reserva
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best wines from exceptional vintages
reds must be 60 months in development with a minimum of 18 months in a cask whites and rosados must age for a minimum of 48 months with 6 months in cask |
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Where is spain in europe?
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southern (iberian peninsula)
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What is the majority climate in spain?
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Mediterranean
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What are some other climates that spain has
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maritime, alpine, and continental
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what 4 types of soil can be found in spain?
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limestone
clay coarse sand granite |
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vine training style in spain?
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gobelet (en vaso) - i.e. bush
often also on wires |
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what kind of vine density is common in spain and why?
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low density and yields due to water stress
irrigation legal since 1996 |
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what is the main type of harvesting in spain?
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mechanization
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old vines or young vines in spain?
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old
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Describe the traditional vinification techniques in spain
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long (sometimes excessive cask ageing for both reds and whites)
american oak very few wines were put on the market before ready to drink |
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Describe the modern vinification techniques in spain
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fruit forward
less oak ageing french oak not always such helpful labelling! |
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what elements of modern technology have allowed spain to craft cleaner, less oxidized wines?
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stainless steel and temperature control
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name and describe the native white grape varieties in spain
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airen - neutral, most planted, used most commonly for brandy
macabeo (viura) - neutral, sometimes sparkling albarino |
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Name some international white varietals grown in spain
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sauvignon blanc
chardonnay |
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Name the native red grapes grown in spain
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garnacha
tempranillo monastrell (mourvedre) |
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what are some other terms for tempranillo in spain?
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tinto fino
tinto del pais Ull de Llebre |
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What international red varietal is also grown in spain?
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Cabernet Sauvignon
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Describe the significance and climate of Rioja DOC
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most important spanish wine
only one of 2 regions with DOC status temperate climate sheltered by the sierra de cantabria to the north and west regulated by aproximity to atlantic and mediterranean |
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Describe the Reds of Rioja
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tempranillo and Garnacha with some Mazuelo (carignan) and Graciano
Marques de Riscal is the only one allowed to have Cabernet Sauvignon More french oak for modern wines |
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What are whites in spain typically made from (varietals)
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typically made from viura and malvasia
most are based on viura (which was better once temperature control arrived) |
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What training styles does Rioja use?
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bush training = traditional
newer vines are trained on wires |
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What are the 3 main districts of Rioja? And do they ever combine grapes?
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Rioja Alta
Rioja Alavesa Rioja Baja Yes, most rioja is a blend of the 3 districts, however there are some very good single district wines. More temprnillo high up near northwest coast. inland it's more garnacha |
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Describe the climate of Ribera del Duero DO
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extreme
very cold winters, scorching summers short growing season frost can be a problem high altitude = cold nights getting grapes to fully ripen is a challenge |
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Describe the wines of Ribera del Duero DO
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Reds =
fully bodied based on Tinto del Pais or Tinto Fino (local variant of Tempranilo) deep coloured firm flavored concentrated some cabernet sauvignon, merlot, and malbec some dry rose |
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Name the 2 historical producers of the Ribera del Duero DO and describe their significance
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Vega Sicilia - 1860s brought cab, merlot, malbec to compete with BX
alejandro fernandex - 1980s bought local grapes in order to make top quality Pingus, Pescuera is good wine from here |
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Describe the climate of Rias Baixas DO and describe the wine it produces
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atlantic coast
north of vinho verde cool, damp, maritime - heavily influenced by the atlantic wine = perfumed, dry, crisp from albarino. peach, apricot, high acid |
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what chacteristic of albarino grapes make them suitable for growth in rias baixas?
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thick skins - limits rot in this extremely cool and damp area
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What can Albarino from Rias Baixas DO be blended with?
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Treizadura and Loureira
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What are the 2 important factors that shaped the Penedes wine industry
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Jose Raventos came to Cordoniu, and made it the prinicipal CAVA area.
Miguel Torres introduced modern technology (temp control, stainless steel) and international grapes. |
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Describe the climate of Penedes DO
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many microclimates
frost threat |
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What are the Indigenous Reds and whites of Penedes
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monastrell
garnacha tempranillo whites: parellada xarel-lo macabeo (these 3 whites make cava) |
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Non indigenous wines of Penedes?
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Chardonnay, Riesling, Gewurz, Sauv Blanc
Pinot Noir, Merlot, Cab Sauv |
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What kind of wine is Priorat DOQ known for?
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full-bodied and spicy reds based on old vines Garnacha
high quality |
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Describe the climate, soil and vitification in Priorat DOQ
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mild, damp, climate, westerly winds from atlantic
poor stony and slate soil knwon as llicorella (cracks in the soil that get the roots to search further down) very little mechanization old vines give low yeield and contribute to concentration and intensity drink young expensive $$$ |
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Who introduced new world wines to Priorat DOQ?
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Rene Barbier in the mid 1980s
cabernet sauvignon, merlot, syrah, pinot |
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Describe the climate and viticulture of La Mancha DO
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vast central plataeu
very hot, dry, arid low vine density traditional source of base wine for brandy : airen improved technology |
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What are some of the more progressive DO's of Southern spain?
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Alicante DO
Yecla DO Jumilla DO Almansa DO traditionally were very heavey reds better producers improving quality |
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Describe the main ingredients in spanish food
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olive oil
garlic cod eels anchovies lamb chicken artichokes avocados peppers tomatoes oranges serrano ham sausage |
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spanish dishes
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tapas
marinated mushrooms paella casseroles gazpacho salt cod (bacalao) mairinated fried squid suckling pig |
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spanish cheese please
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manchego - sheeps milk, made in la mancha
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Describe some important components of Portugals wine history
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long trading ties with britain
table wines undervalued and made for local consumption joining the eu was beneficial recent changes to focus on export market |
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What are the Portuguese Wine Law Levels?
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Vinho de Mesa
Vinho Regional Indicacao de Proveniencia Regulamentada Denominacao de Origem Controlada |
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Describe Denominacao de Origem Controlada (DOC)
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Highest level
equivalent to french AOC |
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Describe Indicacao de Proveniencia Regulamentada (IPR)
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Portuguese
stepping stone to DOC like France VDQS |
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What is Vinho de Mesa
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Table wine
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What is Vinho Regional
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equivalent to French Vin de Pays
Covers large areas |
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Describe the climate, location and soil of Portugal
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SW Europe
Coastal areas moderated by the atlantic inland areas are hot and dry soil is: granite schist sand |
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Describe the harvesting and weine styles produced in Portugal
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manual labour necessary
wide range of vinification styles: slightly sparkling roses dry, crisp whites dry, tannic reds fortified sweet reds |
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What are the grape varieties in Portugal? Do they focus on indigenous?
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Yes
alvarinho (albarino) touriga nacional tinta roriz (tempranillo) baga |
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Describe the climate, viticulture, wines and vinification style of Vinho Verde DOC
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mild, damp, climate
westerly winds from the atlantic lush and green vines trained high on pergolas modern vineyards on wires granite soils drink young high acid light bodied famous for white: alvarinho red and roses also made similar to rias baixas (geographically close) |
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Describe the wines, soil and climate of Douro DOC
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mountain range stops ocean influence
extreme climate mediterranean schist soils famous for port excellent full-bodied dry reds Touriga National and Tinta Roriz = best reds |
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Describe the wines of Dao DOC
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mountainous
rustic andtannic reds made of touriga nacional 80% is red crisp aromatic whites from encruzado |
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Describe the wines made from Bairrada
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BAGA
predominently red more rain here, with influence from the atlantic |
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style of cuisine in portugal
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full flavored and hearty
salt cod pork crab sausage potato pickled onion |
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portuguese cheese?
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usually strong and fragrant:
sao jorge (cow) serra da estrela (sheep) |
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Name some portuguese dishes
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bacalhau
vinhos d'alshos baked crab with port grilled sardines |
