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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Aristotle
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- Heavier objects fall faster than lighter objects
- Geocentric; circular orbits - Divided universe into Sublunar(Imperfect)/Superlunar(Perfect) |
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Ptolemy
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- Calculated orbits for the sun, moon, and planets using complex combinations of circles
- Expanded the Aristotlean geocentric model |
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Copernicus
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- Introduced heliocentric model
- Earth rotated on its own axis once a day while revolving aroudn the sun once a year - Still assumed circular orbits |
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Brahe
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- Refined observing instruments; measured to arc-minute
- Disproved Crystalline Spheres(Aristotle) - Geo-Heliocentric Model |
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Kepler
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- Utilized Brahe's observations to discover eliptical orbits
- Kepler's Laws 1. The orbits of the planets are ellipses with the Sun at one focus 2. The line joining a planet ot the sun sweeps out equal areas in equal time 3. The square of the orbital period is directly proportional to the cube of the mean or average distance between the sun and the planet |
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Galilei
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- First refracting telescope
-- Disproved Aristotle's geocentric model and Sublunar/Superlunar notion - All objects fall at the same rate |
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Becquerel
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- Discovered radioactivity in 1896
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Newton
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- Invented calculus
- Developed law of gravitation - Three Laws of Motion |
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Huggins & Lockyer
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- Star spectra showed that stars are composed of the same elements as those found on Earth (Huggins)
- Spectroscope determined star distances, single/double, surface temp, and receding/approaching (Lockyer) - Discovered helium (Lockyer) |
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Shapley
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- Solar system near fringes of Milky Way
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Hubble
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- Universe is expanding
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Einstein
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- Relativity
- E=mc^2 |
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Goddard
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- Earliest and greatest American scientist to do rocketry research
- Father of US Space Program |
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Wernher Von Braun
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- German rocket scinetist (Operation Paperclip)
- Invented V-2 (First medium ranged BM) |
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Project MX-774
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- R&D into a 5000 mile-range ICBM
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Project Bumper
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- US experience in the handling and design of large rockets
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Hermes Project
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- First major US ICBM program
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US Hydrogen Bomb
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1 Nov 1952
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International Geophysical Year
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- Project Orbiter
-- First IGY satellite proposal (Later scrapped) - Project Vanguard -- Chosen for the IGY (Put on backburner because of Eisenhower's emphasis on ICBMs |
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Soviet Hydrogen Bomb
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Aug 1953
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Sputnik I
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- First articifical satellite
- Launched 4 Oct 1957 - Launched on SS-6 Sapwood |
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Explorer I
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- First American satellite
- Discovered Van Allen Belt |
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Minitrack
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- First US satellite tracking network (1957)
- Tracked flights of Sputnik, Vanguard, Explorer, etc. - Took 2 hours to warm up |
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Gaither Committee
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- Presented to Eisenhower on 7 Nov 1957
- Feasibility of US Civil Defense during a nuclear attack - Survivability of US Nuclear Forces during a nuclear attack |
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NASA
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- Explosion of Vanguard pushed for centralized space program and policy under Eisenhower (July 1958)
- Civil Space Agency |
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Corona Program
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- Aug 1960 - May 1972
- Imagery from orbit; spy satellites - Discoverer 1-12 all failed - Discoverer 13 was first man-made object receoved from space - Discoverer 14 first to return pictures |
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Courier 1B
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- First Comm Satellite; launched by US Army
-- Lasted 17 days due to power failure |
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Transit 1A
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- First navigational satellite system (Navy)
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X-20 Dyna Soar
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- Investigate dynamic hypersonic reentry
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Vela Program
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- Monitored the Test Ban Treaty of 1963 by detecting nuclear explosions
-- Vela Sierra (Aircraft detecting atmosphere tests) -- Vela Hotel (Detect orbital nuclear detonations) -- Advanced Vela (Detect orbital & atmosphere detonations) -- Vela Uniform (Monitor seismic signals for underground testing) |
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Soyuz Test Program
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- Joint docking capability; signs of cooperation between US and USSR
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National Space Policy 37
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- Right to self-defense in space
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Space Defense Program
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- Orbit segments defenseless
- Test ranges were choke points for space supply - Satellite control facilities were vulnerable |
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USAFSPC
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21 Jun 1982
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SAINT
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- Satellite interceptor
-- First anti-satellite program |
