Sp 7

Front 1

color without hue. i.e. white, black, and all the grays between these two extremes

Back 1

achromatic color

Front 2

a person who needs to mix a minimum of three wavelengths to match any other wavelength in the spectrum but mixes these wavelengths in different proportions from a trichromat.

Back 2

anamolous trichromat

Front 3

a loss of color vision caused by damage to the cortex

Back 3

cerebral achromatopsia

Front 4

prolonged exposore to light in a specific part of the visible spectrum, which adapts receptors that fire to these wavelengths by selectively bleaching a specific visual pigment. This has been proposed as one of the mechanisms responsible for color constancy.

Back 4

chromatic adaptation

Front 5

color with hue, such as blue, yellow, red, and green

Back 5

chromatic color

Front 6

a condition in which a person perceives no chromatic color. This can be caused by absent or malfunctioning cone receptors or by cortical damage.

Back 6

color-blindness

Front 7

the effect in which the perception of an object's hue remains constant even when the wavelength distribution of the illumination is changed

Back 7

color constancy

Front 8

people with this condition see fewer colors than people with normal color vision and need to mix fewer wavelengths to match any other wavelength in the spectrum

Back 8

color deficiency

Front 9

a procedure in which observers are asked to match the color in one field by mixing two or more lights in another field

Back 9

color-matching experiment

Front 10

the creation of colors that occurs when lights of different colors are superimposed

Back 10

additive color mixture

Front 11

the creation of colors that occurs when paints of different colors are mixed together

Back 11

subtractive color mixture

Front 12

low saturation in chromatic colors as would occur when white is added to a color

Back 12

desaturated

Front 13

a form of red-green color dichromatism caused by a lack of the middle-wavelength cone pigment

Back 13

deuteranopia

Front 14

a person who has a form of color deficiency, they can match any wavelength in the spectrum by mixing two other wavelengths. i.e. deuteranopes, protanopes, and tritanopes

Back 14

dichromat

Front 15

the experience of a chromatic color such as red, green, yellow, or blue or combinations of these colors

Back 15

hue

Front 16

the border between two areas created by different light intensities in the two areas

Back 16

illumination edge

Front 17

a display of colored dots used to test for the presence of color deficiency.

Back 17

Ishihara plate

Front 18

perception of reflectance. Usually objects with high reflectance are perceived as white and objects with low reflectance are perceived as gray or black.

Back 18

lightness

Front 19

the constancy of our perception of an object's lightness under different intensities of illumination

Back 19

lightness constancy

Front 20

the idea that an object's characteristic color influences our perception of that object's color

Back 20

memory color

Front 21

the situation in which two physically different stimuli are perceptually identical. In vision, this refers to two lights with different wavelength distributions that are perceived as having the same color.

Back 21

metamerism

Front 22

two lights that have different wavelength distributions but are perceptually identical

Back 22

metamers

Front 23

a person who is completely color-blind and therefore sees everything as black, white, or shades of gray. They can match any wavelength in the spectrum by adjusting the intensity of any other wavelength. They generally have only one type of functioning receptors, usually rods.

Back 23

monochromat

Front 24

the wavelength at which a dichromat perceives gray

Back 24

neutral point

Front 25

a neuron that has an excitatory response to wavelengths in one part of the spectrum and an inhibitory response to wavelengths in the other part of the spectrum

Back 25

opponent neuron

Front 26

a theory originally proposed by Hering, which claimed that our perception of color is determined by the activity of two opponent mechanisms: a blue-yellow mechanism and a red-green mechanism. The responses to the two colors in each mechanism oppose each other, one being an excitatory response and the other an inhibitory response. In addition, this theory also includes a black-white mechanism, which is concerned with the perception of brightness.

Back 26

opponent-process theory of color vision

Front 27

the fuzzy border at the edge of a shadow

Back 27

penumbra

Front 28

a form of red-green dichromatism caused by a lack of the long-wavelength cone pigment

Back 28

protanopia

Front 29

a principle stating that two areas that reflect different amounts of light will look the same if the ratios of their intensities to the intensities of their surroundings are the same

Back 29

ratio principle

Front 30

the percentage of light reflected from a surface

Back 30

reflectance

Front 31

a plot showing the percentage of light reflected from an object versus wavelength

Back 31

reflectance curve

Front 32

an edge between two areas where the reflectance of two surfaces changes

Back 32

reflectance edge

Front 33

the relative amount of whiteness in a chromatic color. the less whiteness a color contains, the more _____ it is.

Back 33

saturation

Front 34

when an object reflects some wavelengths of the spectrum more than others

Back 34

selective reflection

Front 35

when some wavelengths pass through visually transparent objects or substances and others do not.

Back 35

selective transmission

Front 36

the effect that occurs when surrounding one color with another changes the appearance of the surrounded color

Back 36

simultaneous contrast

Front 37

a person with normal color vision. They can match any wavelength in the spectrum by mixing three other wavelengths in various proportions

Back 37

trichromat

Front 38

a theory proposing that our perception of color is determined by the ratio of activity in three receptor mechanisms with different spectral sensitivities

Back 38

trichromatic theory of color vision

Front 39

a form of dichromatism thought to be caused by a lack of the short-wavelength cone pigment

Back 39

tritanopia

Front 40

a person who has dichromatic vision in one eye and trichromatic vision in the other eye.

Back 40

unilateral dichromat

Front 41

absorption of a photon by a visual pigment molecule causes the same effect no matter what the wavelength

Back 41

principle of univariance

Front 42

another name for the trichromatic theory of color vision

Back 42

Young-Helmholtz theory of color vision