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23 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Ear Trumpets




18th Century

Anathaesius Kircher


(1602-1680)




Acoustic devices from Phonurgian Nova

Anathaesius Kircher


1602- 1680




sound-emitting statue


Phonautograph - device could only write sound




1857




Edouard-Leon Scott de Martinville

Edouard-Leon Scott de Martinville




Inventor of phonautograph

Au Claire du Lune

First known recording of human voice




1860



The Ear Phonautograph




1874




Alexander Graham Bell and Clarence Blake




Ear dum marks down noise with stylus, scratching on a plate.




Indexical, Visible language for the deaf.



Phonograph - 1877




Thomas Edison




Able to record and playback sound

Alexander Graham Bell




Inventor of ear phonautograph

Thomas Edison and phonograph




1877




Able to playback and record music





Wax cylinders for phonograph




1880



Edison- Gold moulder cylinders made from black wax




1904



Gramophone - could also play and record, but used cylinder discs




1887




Emile Berliner



Gramophone record




1897

Victor V gramophone




1907

Portable wind up gramophone from "His Masters Voice"




1930


His Master Voice




Gramophone company label




Became RCA

1934




- picture disc by Nazi propagandists in order to play at local meeAngs for group listening, or on loudspeakers as trucks drove through streets.

Before WW1, cylindars and discs competed

Acoustical Recording era




1890 - 1925




A sensitive membrane or diaphragm, located at the apex of the cone, was connected to an articulated scriber or stylus, and as the changing air pressure moved the diaphragm back and forth, the stylus scratched or incised an analogue of the sound waves onto a moving recording medium, such as a roll of coated paper, or a cylinder or disc coated with a soft material such as wax or a soft metal




Bands of the period often favored louder instruments such as trumpet, cornet and trombone, lower-register brass instruments (such the tuba and the euphonium) replaced the string bass, and blocks of wood stood in for bass drums; performers also had to arrange themselves strategically around the horn to balance the sound, and to play as loudly as possi

Electrical Recording




1924




Orlando Marsh




The 'second wave' of sound recording history was ushered in by the introduction of Western Electric's integrated system of electrical microphones, electronic signal amplifiers and electrical disc-cutting machines, which was adopted by major US record labels in 1925. Sound recording now became a hybrid process - sound could now be captured, amplified, filtered and balanced electronically, and the disc-cutting head was now electrically-driven, but the actual recording process remained essentially mechanical – the signal was still physically inscribed into a metal or wax 'master' disc, and consumer discs were mass-produced mechanically by stamping an impression of the master disc onto a suitable medium, originallyshellac and later polyvinyl plastic. T

Magnetic Tape

1930 in Germany

Tape Casette

1963




The effect of tape was that it really put music in a spaAal dimension, making it possible to squeeze the music, or expand it.” - Brian Eno