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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are soundscapes?
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- sonic characteristics that define a particular period, location or ideal
- also defined by geographical regions, historical and cultural settings |
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Listening is the art of what 3 things?
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selection
concentration effort |
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What is JND?
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smallest amount of change applied to a sound
- translates into the sensitivity of the listener |
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What is horizontal space? What is is subjectively associated with?
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determines horizontal position
- size and location |
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What is vertical space? What is is subjectively associated with?
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determines vertical position
- associated with frequency or pitch |
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What is proximity? What is is subjectively associated with?
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how near or far an object is in relation to the listener
- loudness and space |
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What is time? What is is subjectively associated with?
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sound and music changing over time
- variables such as amplitude, frequency, proximity, imaging etc |
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What is sound definition?
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multiple sound objects are clearly defined when occupying their own space
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What is sound merging?
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multiple sounds merge when they occupy the same space, creating a few single object or soundscape, occupying its own space
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What is the combination of definition and merging called?
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Imaging
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What is Imaging?
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creating an illusion of space by placing sound objects in the stereo field
- stereo image attemps to mimic real space - stereo image can also create artificial space |
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What is localization?
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listeners ability to identify the location or origin of a specific sound in an environment
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What are the two ways to find the centre between two frequencies?
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arithmetic - linear
perceptual - non linear, how humans hear |
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What is the perceptual centre frequency?
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FC = square root of frequency1 X square root of frequency2
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What is timbre?
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tone colour
- combination of sound characteristics that distinguishes it from other sounds of the same pitch and volume - qualities or timbre = frequency content |
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What is a partial?
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single frequency component of a complex waveform
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What are inharmonic partials?
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frequencies that are not integer multiples of the fundamental
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What is harmonicity?
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relative proportion of harmonic to inharmonic partials or combination of partials
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What is additive synthesis?
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adding sine waves of varying frequencies/amplitude to create complex waveforms
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What is a noise waveform?
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signal of randomly generated frequency content
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what is pink noise? what is white noise?
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pink: equal amount of energy per octave band of the audio spectrum (should hear both LF and HF)
white: equal amount of energy per frequency (Cannot hear LF - not adjusted for the human ear) |
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What are formants?
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certain frequency bands which are boosted due to resonance in our body
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What are phonemes?
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distinct particles of speech (ex. sss, uh, nnn)
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What are plosives?
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transient sounds
- no pitch content - (ex. p, t, b, d) |
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What are fricatives?
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unvoiced or voices sounds
- ex. f, v, th, s, z, etc |
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What are dipthongs?
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fast transitions that start with one vowel and end with another
- A-oo (house) |
