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44 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
equator
An imaginary line drawn around the earth equally distant from both poles, divides earth into Northern and Southern Hemisphere
international dateline
The imaginary line approximating the 180 meridian. The date is advanced a day when crossing the line going West and back a day when going East.
prime meridian
The zero meridian (0°), used as a reference line from which longitude east and west is measured. It passes through Greenwich, England.
Tropic of Cancer
A line of latitude, 23 degrees north of the equator, the most northerly latitude at which the sun can shine directly overhead.
topography
A detailed description or representation on a map of an area's physical features
latitude and longitude
coordinates that can determine location where any place is located

Latitude is the horizontal lines on map parallel to the equator; longitude are the lines parallel to the prime meridian
Arctic circle
One of the five major circles;
Arctic circle 66 degrees north
Tropic of Cancer 23 degrees north
Equator is 0
Tropic of Capricorn 23 south
Antarctic 66 degrees south
contour line
a line on the map that shows the elevation of the area
delta
A delta is a landform that is created at the mouth of a river where that river flows into another body of water; created by deposits of sediment
socialism
the government controls the economy and distributes wealth equally among the community
nationalism
acting in the interest in your own country, a belief that nations will benefit from acting independently rather according to international goals.
communism
when the government controls all property and wealth
socialism
when the government controls the economy and the means of production
capitalism
An economic and political system in which a country's industry is controlled by private owners for profit
aqueducts
A pipe or channel designed to transport water from a remote source, usually by gravity
literacy
the ability to read or write
barbarians
People living along the borders, outside the Roman empire, people considered to have a primitive culture
infrastructure
he basic physical structures like roads, bridges and buildings and transportation needed to operate a society
empire
a political unit often made up of a number of territories, states or nations, ruled by a single supreme authority
pilgrimage
journey to a sacred place or shrine
mosque
a Muslim house of worship
Muhammed
prophet of Islam
Muslim
a believer in Islam
monotheism
belief in one God
nomad
a member of a group that moves from place to place following food and water
Islam
a religion based on the teachings of the prophet Muhammed, believes in one god Allah. the laws are found in the Q'uran and Sunna
Sunna
the traditional portion of Muslim law based on the works and acts of Muhammed
polytheism
the belief in more than one God
Koran/Qur'an
The sacred text of Islam
114 chapters
Revered as the word of God dictated to Muhammed; accepted as foundation of Islamic law religion and culture
Mecca
the holiest city of Islam in Saudi Arabia, a common pilgrimmage destination by Muslims
Cordoba
The capital of the Spanish Umayyad empire
faction
a group that splits off in disagreement from the bigger group
algebra
MOdern algebra is based on the work of a famous Abbasid mathematician al Khwarizmi; algebra is named aft er one of his books, Al jabr, which means "the addition of one thing to another"
Baghdad
became the new capital of the Abbasid empire, located between the Tigris and Euphrates and grew into a huge city that was the center of trade , learning and government
Abbasid
Abbassids named after al Abbas, who may have been the uncle of Muhammed, started a successful rebellion against Umayyad rulers
Muawiya
first Umayyad leader, a solider, moved the capital from Medina to Damascas
savannah
region of grasslands containing scattered trees and vegetation in Africa
matrilineal
tracing succession through the females of the family; common in Ghana. Muslims practice patrilenial succession in which the throne passes from father to son.
ancestor worship
a religious belief common in West Africa; worship given to a deceased relative, believed to be closer to the gods and able to grant favors.
sahara
a great desert that stretches out across north Africa
sahill
a strip of dry grassland between a desert and a savanna
Nok
The first West Africans to make iron; now present day Nigeria
Ibn Battuta
greatest Arabian traveler of the Middle Ages (check definition in chapter five)
Ghana
A republic in west Africa on the gulf of guinea ; ancient agricultural kingdom (page 112)