Sos

Front 1

per capita water use that is deemed stressed

Back 1

126

Front 2

how many tons of water are needed to grow one ton of grain?

Back 2

1000

Front 3

what activity withdraw the greatest % of water

Back 3

thermo electric power

Front 4

what activity is number 2

Back 4

irrigation

Front 5

what household uses the most water

Back 5

toilets

Front 6

average daily househould water use

Back 6

350 gallons

Front 7

average water use annually

Back 7

127,400 gallons

Front 8

who said "the seeds of everything have a moist nature"

Back 8

thales of meletus "the father of science

Front 9

dimensions of the earth

Back 9

radius- 3986
diameter-7973
circum- 25,048

Front 10

percentage of earths water that is readily available freshwater

Back 10

.8%

Front 11

theorized or accepted age of the earth

Back 11

4.5 billion yrs

Front 12

geologic time encompassed by the Precambrian and % of earths history

Back 12

4.5 billion years ago to 570 million
90%

Front 13

2 examples of evidence of the earliest liquid water on earth and the times they suggest

Back 13

pillow lavas- 3.35-3.5 bil yrs
balsatic rocks- 3.9 bil yrs
zircon crystals- 4.4 bil yrs

Front 14

3 sources of earths water

Back 14

asteroids, comets, earths mantle

Front 15

know how comets water is diff from earth water and why it is significant to origins of earth water

Back 15

presence of deuterium- it has double that or earth water

Front 16

what percentage of volcanic gases is comprised by water

Back 16

70%

Front 17

know percentage of water in living systems

Back 17

70%

Front 18

know the amount of water loss leading to human fatality

Back 18

12-15%

Front 19

know two reasons water is an ideal medium for biochemical reactions

Back 19

1. retains heat
2. excellent solvent
3. transports nutrients
4. participates in reactions

Front 20

know the organ in the human body containing the greatest % of water

Back 20

brain

Front 21

mode by which we lose the greatest amount of water from our bodies

Back 21

excretion

Front 22

know two fundamental characteristics of the earliest organisms on earth

Back 22

self feed and anaerobic

Front 23

why are cyanobacteria and what is their importance to the earths atmosphere

Back 23

blue green algae- photosynthetic , produce tons of oxygen

Front 24

what development allowed the emergence of terrestrial life

Back 24

ozone layer

Front 25

approx when homo sapiens first appeared on earth

Back 25

200,000 yrs ago

Front 26

know three features that make lucy speacial

Back 26

antiquity, completeness and rarity

Front 27

know lucys approx age

Back 27

3.2 million yrs

Front 28

know two functions of water in fossilization

Back 28

they are buried in the sediment in mud, dehydration

Front 29

know two proposed hypotheses leading to the adaptation of walking upright.
turn over pulse hypotheses

Back 29

1. postural feeding hypoth
2. wading hypoth-
3. turn over pulse hypoth- climate change made them get out of trees and walk on land and because of high grass they stood up

Front 30

know the first condition necessary for settling of humans

Back 30

a trustworthy supply of water

Front 31

3 features of civilization

Back 31

possession, habitation, economy

Hint 31

ha ec po

Front 32

dates of the paleolithic

Back 32

2 mil- 12,000 yrs ago

Front 33

identify the event marking the end of the paleolithic

Back 33

indroduction of agriculture

Front 34

3 features of the neolithic, dates, and climate event that triggered it

Back 34

domestication, pottery, weaving, hafted axes
12,000-3500 yrs ago
end of the ice age

Front 35

identify 2 places where concurrent development of agri began

Back 35

egypt and mesopotamia

Front 36

why was flooding of rivers important to the development of agri

Back 36

irrigation

Front 37

what is the amount of time btwn the development of steam power and manned space flight

Back 37

150 yrs

Front 38

what was the first water law

Back 38

code of hammurabi

Front 39

number of atoms in 1 mol of atoms

Back 39

6.02 X 10 ^23

Front 40

mass of one mole of H and 1 mole of O

Back 40

1 g/mol
16 g/mol

Front 41

number of protons and electrons in H and O

Back 41

H-1 p, 1 e
O- 8 p, 8 e

Front 42

number of electrons in the outer shell of oxygen and significance in terms of bonding

Back 42

8
extremely reactive

Front 43

what does it mean to say water molecules are "polar"

Back 43

positively charged on one end and negatively charged on the other

Front 44

know 2 factors leading to the polarity of water molecules

Back 44

electro negativity, 2 unbonded pairs of electrons

Front 45

the type of bonding between water molecules resulting from the polarity of the water molecule

Back 45

electrostatic

Front 46

rank oceans, lakes, rivers, soils, glaciers, atmosphere and aquifers in terms of % of water

Back 46

oceans, glaciers, aquifers, atmosphere, lakes, soil, rivers

Front 47

largest inland body of water and why it is sometimes not considered a lake

Back 47

caspian sea
salty,not freshwater

Front 48

deepest ocean
shallowest ocean
av. depth of oceans

Back 48

pacific
atlantic
12,000 ft

Front 49

def of heat capacity and how it impacts the temps of water bodies like lakes

Back 49

how much heat you put in a substance to get a unit rise in temp, the thermal buffering protects it from lethal temp fluctuations

Front 50

know why it rains in florida during summer months and how it is related to heat capacity

Back 50

warm air can hold more moisture than cold air, warm air then rises and cools, cooling reduces how much water it can hold and water condences from the air as rainfall

Front 51

know basically how heat capacity influences global temp

Back 51

instant radiations near equator, water expands there, heat water stores lots of heat, warm water from equator to warmer latitudes and vice versa; redistribution of heat

Front 52

def of latent heat and values for each

Back 52

the amount of heat energy absorbed or released by water when it undergoes a phase change

Front 53

the three motions of molecules and how they apply to the diff phases of water

Back 53

vibration, rotation, translation
vibration- ice
vib and rotation- liquid water
all three- gas

Front 54

understand how heat is transferred from equatorial to northern latitudes. How this is related to latent heat

Back 54

puts enormous amoutns of heat into, evaporate water from equators to put vapor phase then release heat into liquid phase.
latent heat IS the phase change

Front 55

directions of windes btwn 0 and 30
directions of winds btwn 30 and 60

Back 55

west-called easterlies,
east- called westerlies

Front 56

what cases winds to blow in those directions

Back 56

the coriolis force

Front 57

why weather fronts move from west to east in the US. why atlantic hurricanes move from east to west

Back 57

they ride of westerly winds, hurricanes ride on easterlies

Front 58

three forces that determine ocean surface currents on earth

Back 58

1. solar heating
2. winds
3. coriolis

Front 59

what is the atlantic gyre? how is it formed

Back 59

clockwise current in northern hemisphere. formed by temp/energy transfer

Front 60

understand how gyres influence heat distribution on earth

Back 60

net movement of water curves, as crosses 30 degreees in northern hemisphere object will always vere to the right of own path, move in a clockwise direction, goes in direction of warm currents and moves with opposing cool currents

Front 61

what is the gulf stream and how does it influence climate in enland and europe

Back 61

a river in an ocean;
a pattern of currents carrying a river of warm ocean water in a counterclockwise direction up out of the gulf of mexico, along the eastern north america, then eastwards across the chilly waters of the north atlantic ocean to the shores of northwestern europe. its warm waters attract an abundance of sea life, including plankton and fish and the whales that feed on both

Front 62

what and where is humbolt current

Back 62

a cold ocean current that flows northward off the west coast of south america

Front 63

what primarily causes el nino

Back 63

slackening of easterly winds off the coast of peru

Front 64

two consequences of el nino

Back 64

decline is fish populations, droughts is wet places and rain in dry places, disease from mosquitoes

Front 65

% of precipitation due to ocean evaporation

Back 65

90%

Front 66

what are the driest and warmest places on earth and the rainfall they receive

Back 66

wettest- tutenendo, colombia- 463.4 inches a year
driest-arica, chile- .03 inches per year

Front 67

major cause of cloud formation

Back 67

rising of warm air

Front 68

which holds more moisture: warm air or cool air? how is this related to rainfall?

Back 68

warm air holds more water than cold air. as warm air rises, it cools and cannot hold moisture this forms clouds which turn into rain

Front 69

three types of rainfall

Back 69

convective, frontal rain, orographic

Front 70

know the diff between a warm front and a cold front and why they both cause rainfall

Back 70

cold front- cold air more dense so slides under hot air and pushes upward, this producing rain when cool air rises
warm front- warm air lighter so slides over. warm air rises and produces rain

Front 71

orographic lifting;

Back 71

when air is confronted by mountains, it cannot go over them, it rises and cools and makes a cloud

Front 72

rain shadow

Back 72

a dry region that is leeward of or behind a mountain with respect to prevailing wind direction

Front 73

why low pressure zone create rainfall

Back 73

air is rising from the eartths surface creating a vacuum that pulls in surrounding air. the rising air cools and cannot hold moisture, resulting in cloudiness and rainfall.

Front 74

major cause of ocean salinity apart from volcanic activity

Back 74

erosion

Front 75

endorheic sea, one example

Back 75

35% salt content; the dead sea

Front 76

how oceans are made salty

Back 76

cooling and condensation or water from the atmosphere; water condensing from the atmosphere is basically fresh water. the saltiness of this sea is due in part to the high water temperature causing a high rate of evaporation and in part to its remoteness from land; bc it is so far from land, it received no fresh-water inflow

Front 77

ave salt content of the oceasn

Back 77

3.5%

Front 78

two dominant elements in sea water and their percentages

Back 78

chloride- 55.04
sodium- 30.62

Front 79

two dominant elements in rivers and their percentages

Back 79

carbonate- 35.15
calcium- 20.39

Front 80

why sodium and chloride are enriched in ocean water

Back 80

because they are soluble and dissolve easily in water solubility, ease of dissolution in water

Front 81

how calcium and carbonate are removed from salt water

Back 81

incorporated into marine life like corals, scallops, etc
and something else...