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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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solute
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substances whose particals are dissolved in a substance
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solvent
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the substance in which the solute dissolvesn in
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3 ways to dissolve liquids
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dissociation, dispersion, ionization
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dissociation
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the process in which an ionic compound seperates into ions as it dissolves
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dispersion
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breaking into small pieces that spread throughout the water
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ionization
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neutral molecules gain or lose electrons. it is a chemical changes
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properties of a liquid solution
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conductivity, frezzing point, boiling point
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factors that affect the rate of dissolving
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surface area, stirring, tempeture
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surface area
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when a sugar cube dissolves in water, the disolving takes place at the surface of the cube
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stirring
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moves particles away from the surface of the solid and allows for more collisions between solute and solvent particals
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tempeture
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increasing the temperature of a solvent causes its particles to move faster. collisions and energy increase. increasing the tempeture will speed up the rate of dissolving
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solubility
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the maximum amound of a solute that dissolves in a given amount of solvent at a constant tempeture
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3 ways solutions are classified
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saturated, unsaturated, super saturated
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saturated solutions
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contains as much solute as a solvent can hold at a given tempeturr
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unsaturated solution
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a solution that has less than the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved
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supersaturated
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contains more solute than it can normally hold at a given tempeture
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three factors that affect the solubility of a solute
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polarity, tempeture, and pressure
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polar and nonpolar solvents
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oil does not dissolve in water because oil molecules are nonpolar and water molecules are polar
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tempeture for solubilty
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the solubitly of solids increasrd as the solvent tempeture increases
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pressure of solubility
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increasing the pressure on a gas increases its solubility in a liquid
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concentration of a solution
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the amount of solute dissolved in a specific amount of solution
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acid
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a compound that produces hydronium ions when dissolved in water
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properties of an acid
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1.sour taste.
2.reactivity with metals 3.color changes. blue litmus paper turns red |
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base
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a compound that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water
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properties of bases
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1.bitter taste.
2.slippery feel 3.color changes. red litmus paper turns blue in a base |
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neutralization
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the reaction between an acid and a base
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pH scale
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a number scale from 0 to 14 used to describe the concentration of hydronium ions in a solution
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low pH
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0 to 6 is a high (acid)
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high pH
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8 to 14 nd low (base)
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neutral
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pH of 7
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examples of acids
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lemons, grapefruits, limes, oranges, vinegar, spolied dairy products
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examples of bases
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unsweetended ( baking) chocolate
cough syrup |
