Solids, Liquids, And Gases

Front 1

What are three things that need to be listed on each axis of a graph?

Back 1

1. range of variable
2. units of measurement
3. name of variable

Front 2

What variable goes on the X axis? 2 terms

Back 2

manipulated variable
independent variable

Front 3

What variable goes on the Y axis? 2 terms

Back 3

responding variable
dependent variable

Front 4

Give 2 liquids with high viscosity.

Back 4

syrup and honey

Front 5

Give 2 liquids with low viscosity.

Back 5

water and milk

Front 6

Describe the motion and arrangements of particles in a solid.

Back 6

tightly packed so that they can only vibrate

Front 7

Describe the motion and arrangements of the particles in a liquid.

Back 7

a little less tightly packed than a solid so they can flow freely

Front 8

Describe the motion and arrangement of particles in a gas.

Back 8

very spread out so they can move in all directions

Front 9

Define Boyle's Law.

Back 9

at constant temperature

If pressure increases, the volume decreases
If pressure decreases, the volume increases

Front 10

Define Charles's Law.

Back 10

at constant pressure

If temperature increases, the volume increases.
If temperature decreases, the volume decreases.

Front 11

Give examples of Charles's Law.

Back 11

1. A ball inflated inside and then taken outdoors on a winter day shrinks slightly.
2. A slightly underinflated rubber life raft left in bright sunlight swells up
3. The plunger on a turkey syringe thermometer pops out when the turkey is done (The volume of air trapped under the plunger increases when the temperature inside the turkey climbs).

Front 12

Give examples of Boyle's Law.

Back 12

1. The bubbles exhaled by a scuba diver grow as the approach the surface of the ocean. (The pressure exerted by the weight of the water decreases with depth, so the volume of the bubbles increases as they rise.)
2. Deep sea fish die when brought to the surface. (The pressure decreases as the fish are brought to the surface, so the volume of gases in their bodies increases, and pops bladders, cells, and membranes).
3. Pushing in the plunger of a plugged-up syringe decreases the volume of air trapped under the plunger.

Front 13

Explain what happens to a full balloon in a hot car. Include thermal energy and particle motion.

Back 13

As the thermal energy increases, the particles move more. The average kinetic energy of the gas molecules inside would increase, creating more frequent and forceful collisions with the inside walls of the balloon. The balloon would look very puffy and full, and because Mylar balloons are not stretchy and elastic, the balloon might even burst.

Front 14

Explain what happens as a wet towel dries on a clothesline. Describe the thermal energy and particle motion.

Back 14

The water in the towel evaporates from the surface of the towel because energy from the sun is transferred to the water in the towel giving them enough energy to increase their motion and vaporize.

Front 15

Which state of matter is which?

Back 15

solid - liquid - gas

Front 16

What is the difference between an amorphous and a crystalline solid?

Back 16

amorphous - without a definite crystalline shape or geometric pattern

crystalline - having a repeating geometric pattern and a definite shape

Front 17

Give 2 amorphous solids.

Back 17

plastic
wax
butter
glass

Front 18

Give 2 crystalline solid.

Back 18

salt
sugar

Front 19

What is sublimation? What happens to the thermal energy and the motion of the particles?

Back 19

when a material goes from a solid directly to a gas

Thermal energy increases, and particle motion increases.

Front 20

What is freezing? What happens to the thermal energy and the motion of the particles?

Back 20

when a material goes from a liquid to a solid

Thermal energy decreases, and particle motion decreases.

Front 21

What is melting? What happens to the thermal energy and the motion of the particles?

Back 21

when a material goes from a solid to a liquid

Thermal energy increases, and particle motion increases.

Front 22

What is condensation? What happens to the thermal energy and the motion of the particles?

Back 22

when a material goes from a gas to a liquid

Thermal energy increases, and particle motion increases.

Front 23

What is vaporization? What happens to the thermal energy and the motion of the particles?

Back 23

when a material goes from a liquid to a gas

The thermal energy increases, and the particle motion increases.

Front 24

solid to a liquid

Back 24

melting

Front 25

liquid to a solid

Back 25

freezing

Front 26

solid directly to a gas

Back 26

sublimation

Front 27

liquid to a gas

Back 27

vaporization

Front 28

gas to a liquid

Back 28

condensation

Front 29

What is the formula to calculate pressure?

Back 29

pressure = force/area

Front 30

Define pressure.

Back 30

the force exerted on a surface divided by the total area

Front 31

Explain how condensation forms on the outside of a cup of cold lemonade on a hot day. Remember to describe thermal energy and particle motion.

Back 31

Condensation causes the vapor in the nearby air around the glass to condense to form very tiny droplets of water on the outside of the glass.

Front 32

When you open a solid air freshener, the solid slowly loses mass and volume. How does this happen? Describe thermal energy and particle motion.

Back 32

Through sublimation, the particles in the air freshener gain thermal energy and escape to the air where they can move more freely in all directions.

Front 33

How is the thermal energy of a substance related to its physical state?

Back 33

Kinetic theory says that the particles in matter are in constant motion. Increasing thermal energy increases the movement of the particles, and the material goes from a solid to a liquid to a gas . Ice melts to water with increased heat. The water vaporized to gas as the thermal energy is increased again.

Front 34

How does heating a gas in a rigid container change its pressure. Explain.

Back 34

The increased thermal energy makes the particles move more and faster. They hit the inside of the container more frequently creating more pressure.

Front 35

definite shape and volume

Back 35

solid

Front 36

definite volume but no definite shape

Back 36

liquid

Front 37

no definite shape or volume

Back 37

gas

Front 38

Which state of matter can be compressed?

Back 38

gas

Front 39

What are the two types of vaporization, and how are they different?

Back 39

1. evaporation - from the surface of the liquid
2. boiling - from within the liquid