Solar System

Front 1

Planets listed from closest to Sun to space.

Back 1

mercury, venus, earth, mars, jupiter, saturn, uranus, neptune, pluto.

Front 2

main characteristics of our solar system

Back 2

four small planets close to the sun, four large far from the sun, and one small planet very far away from the sun.

Front 3

what is the sixth planet closest to the sun?

Back 3

saturn

Front 4

how many known moons are there?

Back 4

120

Front 5

how many moons are considered dwarf planet

Back 5

7

Front 6

what are asteriods?

Back 6

rock, metal, and ices
between mars and jupiter

Front 7

what is the Kuiper Belt

Back 7

band of rock,ice mainly in neptune to 50 AU away

Front 8

what is a comet

Back 8

bodies from the kuiper belt and the oort cloud that comes in our solar system

Front 9

define oort cloud

Back 9

a cloud of rock and ice extending 40,000 AU

Front 10

name three dwarf planets

Back 10

pluto, eris,ceres

Front 11

name two types of planets

Back 11

terrestrial and jovian

Front 12

characteristics of terrestrial planets

Back 12

inner planets
small, close to sun, high density, most made of rock and metal, solid

Front 13

what planets are considered terrestrial?

Back 13

mercury, venus, earth, mars

Front 14

what are jovian planets

Back 14

outer planets
arge, far from sun, low density, made of mostly hydrogen and helium, no solid surface.

all have rings and moons

Front 15

whats planets are considered jovian planets

Back 15

jupiter, saturn, uranus, neptune.

Front 16

major trends in our solar system

Back 16

same motion
two types of planets
small bodies
exceptions

Front 17

major steps of formation of the solar nebula

Back 17

collapse phase
condensation
acceration
gas acceration and moon formation
clean up

Front 18

clean up is part of what phase in the formation of our solar system

Back 18

5

Front 19

acceration is part of what phase in the formation of our solar system.

Back 19

3

Front 20

condensation is part of what phase in our solar system

Back 20

2

Front 21

gas acceration and moon formation is part of which phase in the formation of our solar system.

Back 21

4

Front 22

collapse phase is part of which phase in the formation of our solar system

Back 22

1

Front 23

T/F gravity causes the solar nebula cloud to collapse on itself.

Back 23

t

Front 24

what happens after the cloud of gas collapses on itself during the formation of our solar system

Back 24

heating, spinning, flattening

Front 25

explain the heating phase of the formation of our solar system

Back 25

falling body turns gravitational energy into kinetic energy
atoms begin to collide into one another and start moving in random directions
turning kinetic energy into heat

Front 26

explain the spinning phase of our solar system

Back 26

as a cloud collapses the cloud begins to spin. this is because angular momentum of the cloud is conserved. As the cloud changes in size, the rotation does as well. the cloud begins to spin fast enough to orbit its center, becoming the sun.

Front 27

define the flattening phase of the formation of the solar system

Back 27

as the clouds spins the atoms collide, flattening the cloud into a disk

Front 28

in what phase of our solar system will we see the formation of the sun

Back 28

spinning phases

Front 29

the actual flattening of the disk is called

Back 29

protoplanetary disk or acceration disk

Front 30

how do we meausre the mass of a extrasolar planet?

Back 30

the measurement of gravitational pull of the orbiting planet causing the star to move.

Front 31

what is the nebular theory

Back 31

our solar system was formed of an interstellar cloud of gas and dustwhy

Front 32

why did the cloud of gas heat up and collapse?

Back 32

as the cloud shrank its gravitational potential energy was converted into kinetic energy then into thermal energy

Front 33

why do planets orbit in the same direction, and nearly on the same plane

Back 33

because the cloud of gas had spun in one direction and the solar system was forming and flattened having them lay in the same plane

Front 34

in the theory of solar system formation, list the ingredients from most important to least abundant

Back 34

hydrogen and helium gas, hydrogen compounds, rock, metal

Front 35

what is the frost line?

Back 35

an imaginary line in our solar system to establish when ice starts to condense.

Front 36

terrestrial planets are caused by

Back 36

accreation

Front 37

our solar system is _______ years old

Back 37

4.6 billion

Front 38

five terrestrial planets largest to smallest

Back 38

Earth venus mars mercury moon

Front 39

terrestrial worlds underwent differentiation. define differentiation.

Back 39

denser materials sank to the center while lighter materials rose towards their surfaces

Front 40

define accretion

Back 40

dust grains moving slowly enough for them to collide and stick together "static cling"

Front 41

where does the frost line lie?

Back 41

3-5 au from the sun

Front 42

T/F gas can static cling to a rock material

Back 42

f

Front 43

what is the difference between planetesimals and protoplanets

Back 43

planetesimals are smaller than 1000 km and protoplanets are larger then 1000 km

Front 44

nuclear fission

Back 44

an atom such as uranus breaks off and releases energy

Front 45

half life of uranium

Back 45

4.5 billion years

Front 46

in 4.5 billion years from now, earth will have _____ the uranium as it does now

Back 46

half

Front 47

atoms produced in fission

Back 47

daughter product

Front 48

the process of measuring how much radioactive elements remain and comparing it to the daughter product is used to_____

Back 48

find the age of a rock

Front 49

Define seismology

Back 49

the montitoring of earth and moon interiors by sounds wave that pass through them

Front 50

explain how to model a world interior

Back 50

divide into layers, insisting that each layer holds the weight of the layer above it.

Front 51

centrifugal force

Back 51

interia; world's tendency to move in a straight line.

Front 52

the process of which the worlds rotation can tell us something about its interior

Back 52

centrifugal force

Front 53

____________ gives a planet a squashed apperance

Back 53

centrifugal force gives

Front 54

three things that affect the worlds squashed apperance

Back 54

how fast the world spins/ radius/ how concentrated the core is

Front 55

in order for differenitation to occur

Back 55

at least one layer needs to flow.

Front 56

differenitation happened mostly in the past because

Back 56

is responses to heat, planets were hotter when they began to form.

Front 57

Jupiter and Saturn's pressure quickly turns ___________ ____ into a ______. then as it gets deeper the _______ ______ turns into ________ ________ hydrogen.

Back 57

hydrogen gas / liquid / hydrogen liquid / liquid metallic

Front 58

atoms sharing electrons and conduct electricity easily

Back 58

liquid metallic hydrogen

Front 59

weaker gravity =

Back 59

lower density

Front 60

T/F all jovian planets have cores roughly the same size.

Back 60

true

Front 61

processes that mainly heat the interiors of worlds

Back 61

accretion, tides, radioactivity, contracting.

Front 62

_______ is energy released whenever somthing impacts the world.

Back 62

Accretion

Front 63

T/F accretion causes larger worlds to get hotter

Back 63

true.

Front 64

because _____ slow the spin of a world, the energy of motion is released

Back 64

tides

Front 65

the process of heating a world by splitting atoms, nuclear fission

Back 65

radioactive

Front 66

why does radioactive heating occur mostly in terrestrial planets?

Back 66

because radioactive materials occur in rocky materials.

Front 67

why does contraction only occur in an jovian planet?

Back 67

because contraction occurs in large mass fluid worlds.

Front 68

a planet that shrinks under its own gravity is called

Back 68

gravitational contraction

Front 69

mass moving towards the center of a jovian planet releases

Back 69

gravitational potential energy.

Front 70

which of the following jovian planets has internal heat
a. jupiter
b. neptune
c. saturn
d. uranus

Back 70

neptune

Front 71

through what processes does heat escape the world

Back 71

convection, conduction, radiation

Front 72

the process of which hotter faster atoms bump cooler slower atoms, causing them to speed up.

Back 72

conduction

Front 73

hot material up, cooler material down

Back 73

convection

Front 74

radiation spreads heat through

Back 74

light.

Front 75

How did the lunar maris form on the moon?

Back 75

large impacts fracters the moons lithosphere allowing lava to fill basins left by craters.

Front 76

Most import surface proces that occurred on Venus billions of years ago.

Back 76

the repaving of the planets surface.

Front 77

compared to other terrestrial worlds, what surface process is unique to earth?

Back 77

widespread erosion and plate tectonics

Front 78

motions of portions of earth's surface is caused by;

Back 78

convective flow of interior matter

Front 79

what is a subduction zone?

Back 79

a place where seafloor is sliding underneath a continental plate

Front 80

list types of surface process'

Back 80

impact craters, tectonics, erosions, and volcanism.

Front 81

what effects how big a craters forms

Back 81

gravity.

Front 82

formula for impact cratering

Back 82

k=mv^2

Front 83

three affects of impact cratering

Back 83

ejecta blanket,ray, secondary craters.

Front 84

define regolith?

Back 84

tons of dust come together and form a loosely bound rock

Front 85

a planet with little/ no impact craters. we can conclude that;

Back 85

the planet is geologically active

Front 86

types of volcanism depends on ________ of the rock. This depends on the ______ and _______ of the magma.

Back 86

viscosity, composition, and temp.

Front 87

T/F we use craters to determine the age of a planet.

Back 87

t

Front 88

low viscosity causes ______ lava which form lava _____ and ____

Back 88

runny, plains, rivers

Front 89

intermediate viscosity forms ____ volcanoes

Back 89

sheild

Front 90

when a rock has high viscosity it forms _____ and ___ volcanoes

Back 90

tall, steep

Front 91

what happens to plates that cause mountains, trenches, and ridges?

Back 91

when plates squeeze together

Front 92

what happens to plates that create vallys and cracks

Back 92

when plates stretch apart.

Front 93

_____ (gas, ices, liquids) wears down planetary surfaces is known as _____

Back 93

volatiles, erosions

Front 94

which hemisphere of mars is almost covered with impact craters

Back 94

southern

Front 95

two different types of tech. plates

Back 95

oceanic and continent

Front 96

most volcanoes and erthquakes occurr along plate boundaries
1. ______ which separates
2. ______ which pushes together
3.transverse which _____ _______

Back 96

divergent,convergent, slides past each other