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328 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does Renaissance mean?
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Rebirth of classical knowledge
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What classics did the Renaissance want to copy?
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Greek and Roman
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The Renaissance used modern science and a ? view to interpret the world which was different during the Reformation.
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secular
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The difference in art of the Renaissance was?
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more realistic portraits and realistic landscapes
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The Renaissance started where?
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Italy--Florence
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Name the artist who painted the Mona Lisa?
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Da Vinci
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Name the artist who painted the Sistine Chapel.
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Michelangelo
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The famous Renaissance playwright was?
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Shakespeare
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Shakespeare developed what new form of writing?
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Sonnets- 14 line poems
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Who was the noted humanist of the Renaissance?
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Erasmus
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What did Erasmus write?
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In Praise of Folly
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Humanism means?
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Intellectual movement based on non religious concerns
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5 major world religions
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Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism
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Judaism began in what area?
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Europe and Middle East
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Christianity was first located in?
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Europe and Middle East
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Islam was first located?
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Asia, Africa and Southern Europe
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Hinduism was first located?
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India and part of SE Asia
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Buddhism was first located in ?
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East and SE Asia
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What did China trade along the silk road?
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Paper, compass, silk, porcelain, tea
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India traded and created what?
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Textiles, numeral system
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What is scientific transfer?
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Scientific advancements exchanged along the trade routes such as medicine, astronomy, mathematics
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What movement resisted and challenged the Catholic Church?
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Protestant Reformation
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This trade route went across China.
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Silk Road
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This trade route spanned Northern Africa.
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Trans-Saharan
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This trade route went from Europe to India.
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European Trade Route
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This trade route was on the ocean between North Africa and India.
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Maritime Route
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This trade route was from the ports of China to India.
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South China Sea
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What empire was located in Northern Africa?
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Songhai
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What empire was located in India?
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Mughal
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What were the issues that the Protestants had with the Catholic Church?
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1. merchant wealth challenged the Church's view of usury
2. German and English nobility disliked Italy telling them what to do 3. Church wealth and great political power 4. Church corruption/sale of indulgences |
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What is an indulgence?
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When Catholic priests sold the pardoning of sins.
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What is usury?
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Charging a high amount of interest on loaned money
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Beliefs of Martin Luther
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Faith alone
Bible ultimate authority all humans equal opposed indulgences |
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What were the 95 theses?
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Hung on Church door in Wittenburg Germany by Martin Luther to protest Catholic sell of indulgences
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Beliefs of John Calvin.
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Predestination
saved by righteous living, work ethic |
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What is predestination?
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God knows who will be saved at the beginning of a soul.
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Beliefs of Henry VIII.
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Dismissed authority of pope
took lands of Catholic Church got a divorce Head of National Church of England/Anglican Church |
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What does the term appropriated mean?
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Took over
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What was the Reformation like in Germany?
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Prince in N. Ger converted to Protestant
Hapsburg family remained loyal Catholics and was the Holy Roman Empire Conflict between Protestants and Catholics in 30 years war |
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What happened during the Reformation in England?
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Anglican Church--national church throughout British Isles under Queen Elizabeth I
Reformation contributed to rise of capitalism |
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What happened during the Reformation in France?
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Catholic Monarchy under Henry IV granted Hugenots(Protestants) the right to worship in France; even though a Catholic country.
Later Richelieu--changed the rules of the 30 years' war and tortured the Hugenots--Many fled |
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What document granted the Hugenots religious freedom in France and was later repealed?
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Edict of Nantes
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What invention during the Reformation was the most important invention of the period?
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Printing Press/Gutenburg
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What did the printing press revolutionize?
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Literacy
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Describe the Catholic Counter Reformation.
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Church mounted reforms and reasserted its authority
Jesuits/Socity of Jesus founded to spread Catholic doctrine through education around the world Inquisition established to reinforce Catholic doctrine. |
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The Reformation led to what 3 things.
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secularism, individualism, and religious tolerance
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Who sailed for Portugal as an explorer and went around the Cape of Good Hope?
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Vasco da Gama
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Who sailed for Spain and discovered the new world?
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Christopher Columbus
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Who sailed for England and found the west coast of what is now US?
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Sir Francis Drake
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Who sailed for France and discovered Canada?
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Jacques Cartier
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Who was from Spain and died before he could circumnavigate the globe, but his crew succeeded?
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Magellan
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Who defeated the Incas?
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Pizarro
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Who defeated the Aztecs?
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Cortez
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Where were the Incas located?
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Peru
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Where were the Aztecs located?
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Mexico City area
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Where were the Mayans located?
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Yucatan Peninsula
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What impact did the Europeans have on the native American empires in the New World?
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Diseases which left many dead and others were enslaved to work in fields and mines
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Why did Spain want to find the New World?
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Gold, God and Glory
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Who founded a school for navigation?
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Prince Henry
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What was the chief religion of the Ottoman Empire?
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Islam
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Did the Ottoman empire allow for other religions?
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Yes
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What did the Ottoman empire trade?
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coffee and ceramics
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What 3 continents would you find the Ottoman empire at its greatest?
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Asia, Africa and Europe
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What city fell to the Ottomans and was later known as Istanbul?
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Constantinople
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Constantinople/Istanbul is modern day???
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Turkey
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The descendants of the Mongols, the Mughal rulers established an empire in modern day?
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India
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The chief religion of the Mughals was?
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Islam
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What were contributions of Mughal rulers?
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Spread of Islam into India
Art and architecture--Taj Mahal Arrival of European trading posts Indian textiles influence on the British |
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What 3 countries were allowed to place forts on Indian to secure the trade area of SE Asia?
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Portugal, Netherlands and England
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What did the Spanish expansion in Latin America leave behind?
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rigid class system and authoratative rule
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What do we call the term when a colony is there to benefit the mother country only?
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Mercantilism
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What two products were traded out of Africa?
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Gold and Salt
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What 3rd commodity began to be shipped out of Africa?
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Slaves
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What does Columbian Exchange mean?
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Redistribution of plants, animals, disease and other products as a result of contact between two different cultures.
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What was exchanged from the New World to the Old World?
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Corn, potatoes and tobacco
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What two goods traded from the Old World to the New World influence Native American lives?
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Horses and Cattle
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When many of the Native Americans died in the New World, there was a great demand for what to replace the Indians?
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African Slaves
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What was the triangular trade?
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Linked Europe, Africa and Americas including Carribbean
Traded Slaves, sugar and rum and then precious raw materials shipped back to Europe |
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What two metals were most sought by European countries?
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Gold and Silver
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What was the original location of the Ottoman Empire?
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Asia Minor
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How did the Chinese attempt to limit the influence of European merchants?
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Creation of foreign enclaves to control trade
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What are foreign enclaves and why were they established by China?
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Keeping foreign traders to one port only and heavily monitored by nation's government. China had the Boxer Rebellion which accused many foreign countries involvement.
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What was the emperor like in Japan during the 1500?
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powerless
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Who actually ruled Japan?
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Shogun
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Japan adopted a policy of? to limit foreign influences.
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isolation
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What 3 things were involved in the Commercial Revolution?
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new money and banking systems
economic practices mercantilism colonial economies were limited by economic needs of mother country |
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This term describes a time period which used reasoned observation and systematic measurement to assess all things.
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scientific revolution
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Who found blood circulates through the body?
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Harvey
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Who discovered planetary motion?
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Kepler
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Who was first to claim the heliocentric theory?
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Copernicus
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Who developed the telescope?
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Gallileo
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Who discovered the laws of gravity?
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Newton
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What was formed from the scientific revolution?
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scientific method using reasoning and observation
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What is absolute monarchy?
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King/Queen with divine right to solely rule
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Name some absolute monarchs?
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Louis XIV, Frederick the Great, Peter the Great
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What were the two main characteristics of absolute monarchies?
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Centralized power
divine right |
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What is divine right?
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Belief that God has chosen one person to rule
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Who was the absolute monarch of France who built the Palace of Versailles?
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Louis XIV
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Frederick the Great emphasized what?
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Military Power
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Peter the Great was known for wanting to?
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westernize Russia
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Political democracy rests on the principle that government derives power from?
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consent of the governed
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What were some of the English freedoms established during this time period?
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jury trial, Magna Carta, and common law
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What battle was fought in England that beheaded Charles I?
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English Civil War
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Who became leader after English Civil War?
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Oliver Cromwell, Roundheads
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With the monarchy re set on the throne of England, the parliament did not want a Catholic on the throne. The parliament had two new monarchs take over the throne and they were?
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William and Mary-Glorious Revolution
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What document did William and Mary signed which was significant in changing the monarchies powers?
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English Bill of Rights
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What developed during Englands parliament development?
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political parties developed
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Enlightenment ideas influenced what revolution?
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American
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What did Hobbes right and what did he believe?
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Leviathan/monarchy
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What did John Locke write and what did he believe?
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Two Treatises on Government
life, liberty and property influenced Jefferson Declaration of Independence |
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What did Montesquieu write and what did he believe?
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The Spirit of Laws/three branches of government/influenced the Constitution
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What did Jean Jacques Rousseau write and what did he believe?
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The Social Contract/ contract between rulers and people and people can remove leader if does not keep contract.
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What did Voltaire believe?
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Separation of church and state and religious tolerance
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The Enlightenment Age fueled what ?
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Democratic Revolutions
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Name some causes of the French Revolution?
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Influence of American Revolution
People Starving Influence of Enlightenment Ideas |
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What event in 1789 began the French Revolution where King Louis XVI was beheaded?
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Storming of the Bastille
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Who took over at the monarchy was dead in France?
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Robespierre/Reign of Terror
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Who stepped in to end the Reign of Terror and Robespierre?
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Napoleon
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Who fought for the independence of Haiti and won?
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Toussant L'Overture
be able to locate on map |
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Who fought for the independence of South American countries?
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Simon Bolivar
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What is another name for the enlightenment period?
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Age of Reason
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Two enlightenment composers were ?
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Bach
Mozart |
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Painter of the Enlightenment who focused on revolutionary type paintings?
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Delacroix/Liberty Leading the People
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Who wrote Don Quixote and what new literature genre did he create?
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Cervantes/first novel
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What changed in painting during the enlightenment?
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portraits/lifelike/natural scenes
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What were some improvements in technology and institutions during the Enlightenment?
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all weather roads
better farm tools Ship design |
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Having better farm tools led to what revolution?
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Agricultural Revolution
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This means belief in one God and Judaism was the first.
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monotheism
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Belief in many gods; Hinduism
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polytheism
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Holy Book of Christianity
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Bible
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Holy Book of Hinduism
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Vedas
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What are the five pillars in the Islamic faith?
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fasting, prayer, pilgrimage, alms to poor, and faith in Allah
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The Buddhists had four noble truths which were...
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suffering exists; material desires cause suffering; get rid of desires and no more suffering and you reach Nirvana
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Speaking out against the Catholic Church like Gallileo did is called...
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Heresy
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What do we call it when the Africans were brought over to the New World? This is a part of the Triangle Trade.
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Middle Passage
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Spanish laws which forced Native Americans to work as slaves.
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Encomiendas
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This means the earth is the center of the Universe and what the Catholic Church believed.
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geocentric
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This term means sun centered universe.
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heliocentric theory
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These steps are used in experiments and was developed by Francis Bacon.
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Scientific Method
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In the English Civil War, these were the supporters of Charles I.
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Cavaliers
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This was when thousands of French persons were guillotined after the French Revolution. We call this time period...
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Reign of Terror
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What are the 3 Estates of early French society?
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1ST Clergy
2nd Nobles/Royalty 3rd peasants |
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What revolution took place in England to remove James II, a Catholic King.
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Glorious Revolution
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Who were the monarchs in the Glorious Revolution?
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William and Mary
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What did William and Mary sign that made their reign a constitutional monarchy?
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English Bill of Rights
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Napoleon's lasting legacy is
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Napoleonic Code
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Holy Book of Islam
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Koran
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Holy Book of Judaism
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Torah
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Major religion which has no god
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Buddhism
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Major religion that has many gods
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Hinduism
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Major religion that has ten commandments as moral code
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Judaism
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Major religion with Abraham as founding father..
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Judaism
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Holy cities of Islam
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Mecca and Medina
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Missionaries that spread Buddhism around the world
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Asoka
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Founder of Islam
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Mohammed
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Founder of Buddhism
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Guatama
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strong pride in one's country
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nationalism
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After Napoleon's fall, what took place to avoid one country taking over the rest?
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Congress of Vienna
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At the Congress of Vienna, what was one of its purposes?
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Balance of Power
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What type of government was to be restored at the Congress of Vienna?
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Monarchy
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An outcome of the Congress of Vienna was that two political parties formed. What were they and define.
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Liberalists-think change is good and wants more rights/freedoms
Conservatism-traditional and wanted a return to absolute monarchs |
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What happened in the revolutions of 1848?
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Uprising all throughout Europe against the conservatives of the Congress of Vienna.
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Otto von Bismarck's belief that whatever it takes to get the job done
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Realpolitik
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Unified Northern Italy
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Cavour
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Unified Southern Italy to Northern Italy
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Garibaldi
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Last area of Italy to join as one country.
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Papal States
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Unified Germany
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Otto von Bismarck
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land which was fenced off from public use and forced farmers to go to towns for jobs
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enclosure movement
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These were formed during the Industrial Revolution to give workers better conditions
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labor unions
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Right to vote
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Suffrage
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Written by Adam Smith and supports capitalism
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Wealth of Nations
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Belief by Adam Smith that government should leave businesses alone.
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laissez-faire
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Developed and written by Karl Marx
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Communist Manifesto
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Proletariat
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Workers in communism
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European period when countries tried to conquer and control places all over the world; creation of empires
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imperialism
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rebellion where Indian soldiers turned against British rule
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Sepoy
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Business which controlled India
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East India Company
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When European countries took control of trading rights in another country.
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Sphere of Influence
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Chinese rebellion against Christianity and foreigners
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Boxer Rebellion
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name for non violent resistance done by Mandela and Ghandi
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passive resistance
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In WWI, the Triple Entente included.
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Britain, Frace and Russia
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In WWI, the Triple Alliance was
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Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire
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What sinking of a ship contributed to US entering the war?
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Lusitania
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What message which intercepted by US and caused the US to declare war?
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Zimmerman Note
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Who was the US President during WWI?
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Woodrow Wilson
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At the close of WWI, Woodrow Wilson developed a plan called
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14 points
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In the 14 points, it called for a predecessor to the UN. What was it?
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League of Nations
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What was the weakness of the League of Nations?
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no military to enforce rules
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What made the League of Nations fail?
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1. US did not sign nor join
2. German Reparations to high 3. Redistributed boundary lines 4. Germany forced to sign War Guilt Clause |
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economic turmoil between WWI and WWII
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Great Depression
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What event started the Great Depression?
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stock market crash in 1929
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What type of government believes in militarism and extreme nationalism
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fascism
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What is the ruling government term when a government has complete control over its people
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totalitarianism
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Party of Hitler
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Nazism
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policy that meant the more nuclear weapons one country had, the less likely another country would go to war.
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deterrence or mutual destruction
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Two super powers formed after WWII
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US and USSR
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Chinese group of republic who fought against Communism and lost
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Nationalists
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Leader of Nationalist Chinese leader
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Chiang Kai Shek
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Where did Chiang Kai Shek have to flee?
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Tawain
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Who was the communist leader who took over China?
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Mao Zedung
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Who was the communist leader in Vietnam?
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Ho Chi Minh
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What happened when the US pulled out of the Vietnam War?
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Whole country became communist
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What countries sponsored the communist regimes in the SE Asian areas
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USSR and China
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What was set as the dividing line of Korea by the treaty of WWII?
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38th parallel
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In the Korean War, who was the US general who led UN troops to push back the communists and what happened?
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McArthur/later fired by Truman because he denounced Truman's plans publicly
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What general led the invasion of Normandy and Omaha Beaches during D Day of WWII?
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Eisenhower
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What general led the fight during WWII in the Pacific?
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McArthur
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What general freed Italy from Mussolini during WWII?
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Patton
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What was the policy of the US after WWII toward the Cold War?
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Truman Doctrine (containment of communism)
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What was formed as an alliance against the spread of communism?
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NATO
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What did the USSR form with its iron curtain to offset NATO?
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Warsaw Pact
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What is the name of the theory that says if one country falls to communism, the others will follow?
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Domino Theory
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What event in the Cold War was between President Kennedy and Dictator Kruschev?
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Cuban Missile Crisis
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Who built a wall in Germany to keep East Germans in?
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Kruschev--The Berlin Wall
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After Lenin died in 1924, who took over as the next dictator of Russia?
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Stalin
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Stalin would not remove Russian troops from areas gained during WWII. What city within East Germany that he refused to remove?
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Berlin
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Berlin was to be given an access road to the West for supplies, what did Stalin do and what happened?
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Cut off access road but allies had the Berlin Airlift that caused Stalin to stand down.
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The iron curtain refers to the countries that were under Russian rule after WWII. These countries became part of USSR. Name them.
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Poland, Checkoslovakia, Hungary, Bulgaria, Albania, Ukraine, Romania
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What European country was not part of USSR but was communist and close pals?
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Yugoslavia
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Who put the first satellite up and what was it called?
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Russia Sputnik
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Who had the first man in space?
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Russia
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Who had the first man on the moon and name?
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US Neil Armstrong
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This means systematic destruction of a group of people based on race, religion, ethnic background
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genocide
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Where did the Hutus kill the Tutsis in genocide?
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Rwanda
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Where did the Pol Pot commit genocide?
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Cambodia
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Where did the Serbs commit genocide against whom?
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Muslims and Croats in Bosnia, Kosovo and Croatia
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Who committed genocide against the Armenians?
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Turks
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Who committed the worst atrocity against Jews?
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Hitler
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This is where a developing country goes to borrow money?
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IMF International Monetary Fund
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This is the group of Arab countries who bind together to regulate the output and flow of oil.
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OPEC
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This is where you need to belong to compete on the economic scale of the world. They negotiate trade agreements.
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WTO World Trade Organization
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This agreement is between US, Canada and Mexico. What is and what does it do?
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NAFTA North Atlantic Free Trade Agreement
No tariffs charged on goods across borders |
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This organization was formed to compete with the US and Japan economically.
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EU European Union
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What was the name of the plan to rebuild Europe after WWII? Learned from mistakes of WWI
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Marshall Plan
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hatred of Jews
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anti-semitism
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name of genocide against Jews
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holocaust
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name of genocide in Cambodia
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the Killing Fields
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Weapon that ended WWII in Japan?
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Atomic Bomb
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Where was the atomic bomb dropped?
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Nagasaki and Hiroshima
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Who were the Axis powers in WWII?
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Germany, Italy and Japan
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Who were the Allied Powers in WWII?
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US, Britain, France, and Soviet Union
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What was Hitler's lightning war called?
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Blitzkreig
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What is the term that means that you will allow someone to keep something if they promise not to do it again
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appeasement
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Lord Chamberlain signed a letter of appeasement with Hitler during the Inter War Years what was that agreement about?
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Hitler would keep Checkoslovakia and would promise not to invade any others-- did not keep promise
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What event started WWII?
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Invasion of Poland in 1939
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What event was the turning point for WWII?
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Invasion of Russia
Hitler went against a treaty with Stalin and invaded his nation |
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Who was the dictator for Italy?
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Mussolini
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Who was the emperor for Japan during WWII?
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Hirohito
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Who was the leading general of Japan during WWII?
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Tojo
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What new kind of warfare took place in WWI?
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trench and gas
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What organization is to prevent/solve conflicts between countries?
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United Nations
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What is different between the UN and the League of Nations?
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UN had a military force to enforce its actions
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When Lenin led the Bolshevik revolution agains Tsar Nicholas, what was his economic plan?
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NEP New Economic Plan-- gave some ownership to peasants
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What was Stalin's economic plan?
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Collectivization-- no one owned land-- everything belonged to the state
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Where did the Reformation begin?
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Germany
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Portuguese explorer who sailed around Africa to India.
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Vasco Da Gama
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US documents that contain Enlightenment ideas
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Declaration of Independence, Bill of Rights and Constitution
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What revolution influenced the French revolution?
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American Revolution
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Two natural resources needed by England in the industrial revolution?
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coal and iron ore
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What means movement of people from farms to cities?
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Urbanization
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What class grew the most during the Industrial Revolution?
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Middle Class
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What increased the demand for slave labor in the US?
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invention of cotton gin
native americans died off |
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These genders were hired to work in industrial revolution
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women and children
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Important canal in Egypt
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Suez
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Mandate system after WWI made France and Britain in charge of colonies in the Middle East. What colonies in the Middle East did Britain control?
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Jordan and Palestine
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What countries in the Middle East did France have mandate?
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Syria and Lebanon
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What happened in 1948 that made Palestine angry?
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Carved out Israel
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What country has the Aswan Dam?
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Egypt
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What two water systems are connected by the Suez Canal?
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Red Sea and Meditterean Sea
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Causes of Great Depression--
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high tariffs
large reparations for Germany stock market crash 1929 |
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Name of conference after WWII that divided Germany?
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Yalta
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Mussolini invaded this country during WWII?
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Ethiopia
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This is what Stalin used to commit political genocide against many Russians
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Great Purge
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This was the last phase of genocide by Hitler called
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The Final Solution
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Persian empire is located in modern day...
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Iran/Iraq
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What was started for the first time against Hitler after WWII?
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War crime trials at Nuremberg
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First black president of South Africa
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Mandela
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This means separation of blacks and whites as in South Africa
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Apartheid
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Bloodiest independence revolution in Africa
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Algeria
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Peaceful independence revolution in Africa
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West Africa
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Kenyatta led independence of?
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Kenya
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US President during most of WWII?
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Franklin D. Roosevelt
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English Prime Minister during WWII?
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Churchill
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What forced US to join WWII?
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attack on Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941
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Led independence movement in India?
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Ghandi
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When did Britain pull out of India?
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1947
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What type of movement did Ghandi lead?
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Passive Resistance
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Northern Ireland was in turmoil between what two groups?
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Protestants and Catholics
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Who controls Northern Ireland?
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Britain
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What agreement was signed for peace in Northern Ireland?
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Good Friday Agreement
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Where was the Balkan conflict and what groups were involved?
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Croats--Catholics
Muslims--Bosnia Serbs--Serbia |
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Former Ceylon
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Sri Lanka
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Religion of Sri Lanka
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Buddhism
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Former East Pakistan
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Bangladesh
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Invented Steam Engine
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James Watt
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Invented small pox vaccine
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Jenner
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Discovered bacteria
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Pasteur
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Invented cotton gin
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Whitney
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discovered process for making steel
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Bessemer
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What did labor unions use to negotiate with owners?
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collective bargaining
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What did labor unions use to shut down production?
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strikes
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What is a cottage industry and what replaced it?
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handmade/small and factories replaced
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America opened trade with what country?
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Japan
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What was the MAIN causes of WWI?
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Militarism, Nationalism, Alliances, Imperialism, Competition over colonies
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Who was assassinated and started WWI?
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Archduke Ferdinad of Austria
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Who killed Ferdinand?
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Serbian Black Hand
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Who did Russia lose to in 1905?
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Japan
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Why did Russia revolt?
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Incompetent Tsar
Peasants needless wars |
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4 things that Stalin did?
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KGB-secret police
Collectivization of farms Five year plans state industrialized |
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Impacts on the environment
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pollution
loss of habitat ozone depletion |
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social conditions of the world
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literacy
health care life expectancy infant mortality rate population increase GDP and GNI-poverty |
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forms of imperialism colony?
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settlement of group in new country with ties to mother country
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protectorate?
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Foreign policy of a government controlled by outside country i.e. Suez Canal
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Sphere of influence?
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region dominated by another country but not ruled China
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German leader in WWI?
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Kaiser Wilhelm II wrote blank check to Austria
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Impacts of Industrial Revolution
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population increase
middle class increased standard of living for some improved transportation urbanization child labor pollution owners exercised considerable control over lives of workers |
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Outcomes of WWI
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colony participation led to independence movements
End of empires Huge debt/costs Treaty of Versailles |
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Causes of WWII
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Agression of Totalitarian powers
Nationalism Treaty of Versailles Failure Weakness of League of Nationals Isolationism and Pacificism by Europe and US |
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Impact of Depression
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unemployment
bank failures and collapse prices collapse in trade Nazi party growth and blaming of Jews for economic problems |
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Who wanted to restore the glory of Rome?
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Mussolini
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Japan invaded what countries for raw materials?
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China, Korea and Manchuria
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US guaranteed Japan's what after WWII?
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security
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self determination means?
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self rule
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Which economies develop countries faster: free market or communist?
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free market
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Impact of new technologies is the unequal access of ? and the new rules with bio?
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computers/bio ethics genetic engineering
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worker who obtains a working visa for another country is called?
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Guest Worker
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Person or groups fleeing homeland due to war, disease or natural disasters.
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Refugee
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What is karma?
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What you do will come back to you Hindu religion
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