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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mollic
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mineral surface horizon
dark, organic matter more than .6% thick - above 25 cm soft even when dry high base saturation grassland |
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Umbric
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similar to mollic
lower base saturation somewhat higher rainfall parent material may be lower in Ca and Mg |
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Ochric
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mineral horizon
too thin, light colored, or low in organic matter to be mollic or umbric may be hard and massive when dry |
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Melanic
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deposited from volcanic ash
black, organic material more than 30 cm thick very fluffy and light |
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Histic
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20-60 cm of organic materials
formed in wet areas black to dark brown peat or low density muck |
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Argillic
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accumulation of high activity silicate clays
has argillins - clay skins |
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Natric
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high activity silicate clay
argillins over 15% exchangeable sodium columnar and prismatic structure mostly arid and semiarid |
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Kandic
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low activity silicate clays
Fe and Al oxides may not have skins epipedon has lost a lot of clay low cation holding capacity |
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Oxic
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extreme weathering, lots of Fe and Al oxides
low activity silicate clays at least 30 cm deep physically stable, crumbly, not very sticky humid tropical and subtropical |
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Spodic
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Illuvial horizon with colloidal organic matter
Al oxide with or w/o Fe highly leached forests - cool humid climates typically sandy parent materials reddish brown or black |
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Sombric
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illuvial, dark from organic matter
low base saturation mostly found in cool, moist soil on high plateus and mountains in tropical and subtropical |
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Albic
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light colored, eluvial horizon
low in clay and Fe/Al oxides |
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Cambic
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weak horizon development
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Calcic
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accumulation of carbonates
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Gypsic
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accumulation of gypsum
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Salic
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accumulation of soluble salts
mostly arid and semi-arid |
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Duripan
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strong silica-cemented hard pan
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Fragipan
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dense, brittle, pan
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Placic
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very hard pan
Fe, Mn cemented |
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aquic
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saturated with water
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Udic
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sufficient water for growing all year
humic regions |
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perudic
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excessively wet - lots of leaching
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Ustic
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between udic and aridic
moist during the growing season, but has a dry period |
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Aridic
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can't have plant growth moisture for more than 90 consecutive days
dry for at least half growing season |
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Torric
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Aridic with a hot and dry summer
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Xeric
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cool, moist winter and warm dry summer (medditerranean)
long droughts in summer |
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Entisols
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Ent
recent Urbents - made into mixed by humans Ochric epipedon some have albic endopedon parent material can be fresh lava flow, or alluvium |
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Histosols
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ist
peat or bog more than 20% organic matter |
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Andisols
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and
from volcano ejecta lots of allophone or Al-humic complexes |
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Gelisols
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el
permafrost, often with cryoturbation |
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Inceptisols
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ept
embryonic soil, not many diagnostic features ochric, or umbric epipedon, cambic horizon |
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Aridisols
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id
dry soil, ochric epipedon can have argillic or natric endopedon |
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Vertisols
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ert
high swelling clays, deep cracks when dry |
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Alfisols
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alf
argillic, natric, or kandic horizon |
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Mollisols
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oll
mollic epipedon, high base saturation, dark soils some argillic or natric horizons |
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Ultisols
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ult
argillic or kandic horizon low base saturation crumbly, not very sticky |
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Spodosols
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od
spodic horizon commonly with Fe, Al oxides and humus accumulation |
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Oxisols
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ox
oxic horizon, no argillic horizon, highly weathered |
