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12 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Entisols
-soils of very recent origin
characterized by great diversity in environmental setting and land use
many are found in steep, rocky settings
Inceptisols
-minimum horizon development (more developed than Entisols)
-widely distrubuted
Andisols
-soils formed in volcanic ash
-dominated by glassy and poorly crystalline collloidal materials
-high OM, water holding capacity
-naturally fertile
-fix large quantities of P
-least extensive soil order
Gelisols
-soils of very cold climates that contain permafrost within 2m of the surface
limited to polar regions and high mountain elevations
-soil formation is slow due to cold temps
-high OM because very slow decomp
Histosols
-composed mainly of organic materials
-have at least 20-30% OM
-low bulk density
-formed in wetland areas
-contain large amounts of carbon
Aridisols
-calcium carbonate containing soils or arid regions
-ochric epideon w/ light color and low OM
-often have accumulation of calcium carbonate, gypsum, soluble salts or exchangeable sodium
-widely distributed in desert regions
Vertisols
-clay rich soils that shrink and swell with changes in moisture content
-shrink-swell causes mixing and prevents development of distinct, well-developed horizons
-difficult to till, susceptible to erosion
Mollisols
-dark, soft soils of grasslands
-most imporant ag soils in the world
Alfisols
-moderately leached forest soils w? relatively high native fertility
-found in humid and subhumid regions of the world
-generally very productive for ag
Ultisols
-strongly leached forest soils w/ low native fertility
-found in humid and tropical regions on older stable landscapes
-intensive weathering has leached most Ca, Mg, and K
-strong yellow to red colors cause of iron oxides
Spodosols
acid soils
-often from under coniferous forest vegetation
-not naturally fertile
Oxisols
-highly weathered soils found in humid tropical regions in stable landscape positions
-rixh in fe and al oxide minerals
-extremely low native fertility, high p fixing capacity, low CEC,
moderate acidity
-usually well structured, resistat to compaction and erosion